[NOTE: I’m hoping to post Part II of the Sullivan piece tomorrow (Part I is here). The present post provides some background to the other posts, but it’s not primarily about Sullivan.]
There are so many issues in the Flynn case – so many ways he was dealt a lousy hand as well as mistreated – that it’s hard to recall them all. One is the conflict of interest in which his initial lawyers were embroiled.
And it’s a lulu.
One of the possible charges against Flynn involved alleged FARA violations of a somewhat complicated law that until three years ago was ordinarily met with a fine for violations if it was prosecuted at all. But rather recently things changed:
Earlier [in 2019], the Assistant Attorney General for the National Security Division publicly confirmed the Department of Justice’s (“DOJ”) intention to make Foreign Agents Registration Act (“FARA”) a criminal enforcement priority. This newfound priority has resulted in surge of FARA prosecutions — including the cases against Paul Manafort, Michael Flynn and Greg Craig — with no sign of slowing down.
FARA, which was originally enacted in 1938 to combat Nazi propaganda, is a disclosure statute that requires persons acting as agents of foreign principals in a political or quasi-political capacity to make periodic public disclosure of their relationship with the foreign principal, as well as activities, receipts and disbursements in support of those activities. Failure to register with the DOJ can result in criminal penalties — Despite the seriousness of FARA’s penalties, it has long been an afterthought because of federal prosecutors’ hesitancy in bringing FARA prosecutions.1 DOJ brought only seven criminal FARA cases between 1966 and 2015 (securing FARA convictions in just three cases) and had not employed FARA’s civil injunctive relief since 1991. In the last three years, however, there has been a significant uptick in the number of FARA prosecutions.
Beware of laws that have been on the books but rarely enforced and then suddenly used as tools to get political enemies. It turns out that the most important conflict of interest for Flynn’s lawyers involved FARA.
Here’s an article from last January that explains:
FARA is a complex law, and people who must make filings under it often seek the assistance of counsel…If the government subsequently asserts the FARA filing…is criminally false, the attorney is potentially implicated along with the client.
The lawyer’s interest in defending his or her actions may conflict with the obligation to zealously defend the client. Furthermore, the attorney can be a key witness if the client is charged, which may also disqualify the lawyer from representing the client in the criminal case.
In Flynn’s case, the Covington lawyers would have been witnesses either for or against Flynn regarding his FARA filings [involving work of the Flynn Intel Group regarding Turkey] and any related potential criminal charge brought against him…
Thus, the Covington attorneys who helped Flynn prepare his filings could become the star defense witnesses if they said any mistake in the filings was their responsibility rather than Flynn’s. In that event, no conflict would arise between Flynn’s interest and Covington’s interest.
On the other hand, if Flynn provided incorrect information to Covington that was included in the FARA filings, a clear conflict emerges because Covington has an interest in absolving itself from any responsibility and placing the blame entirely on Flynn. If Flynn had deliberately provided false information to Covington, the Covington attorneys would become witnesses against Flynn, and no lawyer at the Covington firm could represent Flynn with respect to the FARA charge.
If, instead, Flynn innocently provided incorrect or incomplete information to Covington, the situation becomes muddier…
Flynn’s current counsel [Sidney Powell] says this last scenario is what actually happened, that Flynn innocently provided incorrect information to Covington. It is certainly implausible that Flynn would hire a reputable firm like Covington and pay it a six-figure fee to prepare FARA filings on his behalf, only to deliberately provide the attorneys false information for inclusion in those filings. Nonetheless, the government alleged this is exactly what Flynn did.
Notwithstanding the potential conflict of interest between it and Flynn, Covington represented Flynn in his plea negotiations with the government and struck an agreement whereby Flynn effectively admitted to both lying to the FBI and making a false statement in his FARA filings. Technically, Flynn pleaded guilty to only one count of making a false statement to the FBI; he did not plead guilty to making false statements in his FARA filings. The written Statement of Offense submitted to the court as part of Flynn’s plea, however, includes facts relating to both offenses. The government inserts facts about other offenses in a Statement of Offense when it wants to establish that those facts are “relevant conduct,” which the court then considers along with the offense of conviction in imposing a sentence.
Flynn now disputes whether he admitted in the Statement of Offense that he knew at the time he provided the FARA information to Covington that it was false. He says he only learned so later. To constitute a criminal false statement, the information must be false, and the defendant must know so at the time he makes the statement. If a person makes an incorrect statement he or she then believes to be true, no offense has been committed.
That ended up being important for many reasons, including that sentencing hearing on December 18, 2018 that I wrote about in Part I. One of things that happened was that one day before that sentencing hearing for Flynn, Flynn’s associate Bijan Kian (also known as Rafiekian) and another man named Alptekin (see his history here) were indicted for FARA violations and the now-familiar charge of lying to the FBI, connected with their dealings with Turkey. Both men had been picked up as part of the Mueller investigation into Flynn.
During that extraordinary sentencing hearing (see the transcript) that occurred one day after the indictment of the two men (the timing was almost certainly no coincidence), one of the reasons Sullivan gave for warning Flynn that Flynn might get prison time despite the fact that even the prosecutor wasn’t recommending it was that Flynn hadn’t yet fulfilled everything the government might want of him. Sullivan hinted that he might – might – relent and not give him prison time if Flynn cooperated fully in testifying to help them with their case against Rafiekian and Alptekin.
Flynn got the hint, and then accepted the delay in sentencing with the understanding that he would testify. Mueller obviously wasn’t through with Flynn yet, and this was a reminder to Flynn that he (and/or his son) could get more punishment for Flynn’s own supposed FARA violations if he didn’t play ball with Mueller. And no doubt Flynn’s lawyers were well aware, with all this FARA violation prosecution going on, that they could be in trouble too, if Flynn didn’t cooperate and stick to his guilty plea.
For anyone who wonders why Flynn’s sentencing was so delayed, it was because they were waiting for the other trial and his testimony against the men. However, in the meantime Flynn fired his Covington lawyers and hired Sidney Powell in late spring of 2019, and then things began to change.
Flynn recounted some of these issues he had with his Covington lawyers in this document he filed with the court in January of 2020 (I suggest you read the whole thing), asking to be allowed to withdraw his guilty plea. If you go to numbers 17, 19, and 25, you’ll see what he says about the Covington lawyers and the FARA violations (I can’t cut and paste from that document, so you’ll need to go to the link to see it).
Ultimately, Flynn didn’t testify in the trial of his former colleagues, because he refused to say that statements any of them made in the FARA findings were knowingly false. Therefore his testimony would not have been useful to the prosecutors, and was not what they had expected (you might say it wasn’t what they’d bargained for). Although a jury found Rafiekian guilty anyway, the judge threw the case out, ruling that there was no evidence of guilt and the jury had received incorrect instructions on the elements of the crime.
It’s my sense that Flynn’s coerced testimony would have been the best evidence the prosecutors had, and without that there really wasn’t much of a case at all. The whole thing was a house of cards constructed by Mueller, and it fell down when Flynn pulled out.
Just as you might expect, Flynn’s prosecutors retaliated
The government now argues [in January of 2020] that Flynn reneged on his agreement to cooperate in the Virginia case, has reversed course on accepting his criminal responsibility for the FARA filings, and thus his sentence should not be mitigated. Accordingly, it seeks a jail sentence of up to six months’ imprisonment for Flynn. In making this argument, the government relies heavily on Flynn’s plea agreement and his Statement of Offense.
So about a year later, the prosecution made good on Sullivan’s earlier threat from the sentencing hearing. They’d been waiting for his help with the other trial, and he withdrew it. And it got worse – and here’s where that conflict of interest comes in again:
In a highly unusual request by the government [prosecutors], it seeks to force Flynn to disavow those claims or else lose any sentencing credit for cooperation and accepting responsibility. Defendants have a Fifth Amendment right to be silent even at a sentencing proceeding and cannot be compelled to answer such questions. The government requesting that the court quiz Flynn to disavow positions his current counsel is raising on his behalf is extraordinary.
Flynn is now experiencing the unpleasant effects of his conflict of interest with Covington and his misinterpretation of what he was admitting to in his guilty plea. The government now wants the court to question Flynn, before he is sentenced, about his claims of innocence and his misunderstanding of the FARA issue.
Such an unusual request speaks to how the government appears to believe that the fault for the tangled sentencing situation lies entirely with Flynn and that, having “repented” his plea, he is now playing fast and loose with the truth before the court. But another distinct — and more likely — possibility is that Covington, hindered by its own conflict of interest, was not as zealous an advocate as it should have been in resisting the FARA charge and was not as clear with its client as it should have been in explaining the consequences of his guilty plea, including the FARA issue in the Statement of Offense..
Ya think?
Good grief, Flynn has been poorly served by his attorneys prior to Powell, and by the legal system so far. “Poorly served” is a euphemism, of course. He’s been screwed by it.
Oh, and one more thing. Let’s not forget what happened in April of 2020:
Former lawyers of Lt. Gen. Michael Flynn say they’ve found thousands of additional documents related to his case that hadn’t been handed over to his new lawyers. In response, the judge presiding over the case has ordered the former lawyers to redo the search for everything they have related to the case…
“Covington determined that an unintentional miscommunication involving the firm’s information technology personnel” caused the firm to search not all of the Flynn-related emails, but only a subset that they prepared in response to document requests in a related case with Flynn’s former business partner Bijan Rafiekian, the filing said…
Powell said in an April 24 filing that Flynn was provided by the Department of Justice (DOJ) with new exculpatory evidence that “proves” he was “deliberately set up and framed by corrupt agents at the top of the FBI.”
The evidence was filed under seal and thus isn’t available to the public; Powell has asked Sullivan to unseal it.
The documents were produced as a result of an ongoing review of the case by Jeffrey Jensen, U.S. attorney for the Eastern District of Missouri, who was directed in January to perform the review by Attorney General William Barr.
Jensen’s investigation precipitated an awful lot of action, didn’t it? And then of course it led to the Barr DOJ asking that the case be dropped, followed by the stunning actions by Sullivan in refusing to do so, which brings us right up to the present.
This case is nothing if not complicated, and this post isn’t even Part II yet. But in a way it’s actually quite simple: Flynn was framed, and those who framed him seem determined to make it stick.
