It happened in 1954, which isn’t all that long ago. But it might as well have been hundreds of years ago, because I doubt most Americans are aware of it. I’m pretty sure that if you were to stop 100 people on the street and ask them about it, none or few would have a clue what you were talking about.
So, what am I talking about? The Puerto Rican independence advocates who shot up the House of Representatives, wounding five members of the House, one seriously.
This happened during the “peaceful” 1950s:
When Lebrón’s group reached the visitor’s gallery above the House chamber, they sat while the representatives discussed the Mexican economy and issues of immigration. After Lebrón gave the order, the group quickly recited the Lord’s Prayer. She stood up and shouted, “¡Viva Puerto Rico libre!” (approximately, “Long live a free Puerto Rico!”) and unfurled the flag of Puerto Rico. The group opened fire with semi-automatic pistols directed toward the Representatives below.
Five representatives were shot in the attack. The wounded lawmakers were Alvin M. Bentley (R-Michigan), who took a bullet to the chest, Clifford Davis (D-Tennessee), who was shot in the leg, Ben F. Jensen (R-Iowa), who was shot in the back, as well as George Hyde Fallon (D-Maryland) and Kenneth A. Roberts (D-Alabama). House pages helped carry Alvin Bentley off the House floor. The representatives were treated and recovered.
Lebrón said she fired her shots at the ceiling, while Figueroa’s pistol jammed. Some 30 shots were fired (mostly by Cancel, according to his account), wounding five lawmakers. Upon being arrested, Lebrón yelled, “I did not come to kill anyone, I came to die for Puerto Rico!”
Lebron, by the way, was a woman.
The shooters were tried in the US and given lengthy sentences that were essentially life imprisonment. But guess what? Until I read it while doing research for this post, I had forgotten this little detail (if indeed I ever knew it):
Figueroa Cordero was released in 1978. One year later, in 1979, President Jimmy Carter pardoned the remaining Nationalists. Some analysts said this was in exchange for Fidel Castro’s release of several American CIA agents being held in Cuba on espionage charges, but the US said that was not the case. The Nationalists were received in Puerto Rico with a heroes’ welcome from roughly 5,000 people at San Juan International Airport
Good old Jimmy Carter.
Here’s Lolita Lebron’s 2010 obituary. You can see from the photo that she was quite the looker:
The former teenage beauty queen may have been a “terrorist” to most Americans, but she became an almost mythical hero, a kind of Joan of Arc, to many Puerto Ricans both on her native island and in their large New York community. Some, however, felt such violence was a step too far. Others compared her to legendary South American revolutionaries such as Mexico’s Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa or later to the Argentine-born hero of the Cuban revolution, Che Guevara. Stylised Che-style portraits of Lebrón began appearing in New York galleries and Che himself said he had been inspired by the gun-toting lady in the silk scarf, dangly earrings, bright lipstick and high heels…
After the Puerto Ricans were freed on 10 September 1979, they were feted as heroes during a tour of Puerto Rican communities in New York and Chicago. They were welcomed by tumultuous crowds, with banners proclaiming “Welcome Lolita!” when they flew into the Puerto Rican capital, San Juan. For the rest of her life, saying she did not regret her action but had renounced violence, Lebrón was known respectfully by her compatriots as Doña Lolita.
I thought about this incident during the recent Kavanaugh hearings, which featured many disruptions from the gallery and the need to escort some of the protestors out. At least we seem to have metal detectors and other protection now; I doubt a group could get in with semi-automatic pistols anymore. But I don’t doubt that there are some people who’d dearly love to (and they’re most likely not Puerto Ricans these days, unlike 1954), and I don’t doubt that they might find some creative way to outwit security and wreak havoc.









