The other day Axios quoted Donald Trump as having said “We’re the only country in the world where a person comes in and has a baby, and the baby is essentially a citizen of the United States … with all of those benefits.” Then Axios added “more than 30 countries, most in the Western Hemisphere, provide birthright citizenship,” with a link on those words to this 56-page law review article.
My guess is that few people will follow the link, and even fewer will actually try to swallow a dry law review article of such enormous length. If they read the first page or two, they’ll see that the thrust of the article is to say that even a constitutional amendment banning birthright citizenship would be a violation of basic “human rights” as defined by international law.
I’m not going to read all 56 pages of the law review article either. But I’ll take Axios’ word for it that somewhere in the vast reaches of its pages a person could find a list of the “more than 30 countries, most in the Western Hemisphere, providing birthright citizenship.”
But there are much easier ways to get the information, which is obtainable at Wiki, for example. This entry and list as well as the following handy map came up as number 2 on the list when I did a Google search for “birthright citizenship.” Dark blue are the countries that have it and lighter blue those that have a modified and restricted form of it (the Wiki article itself goes into more country-by-country detail):
The effect of that Axios article on the casual reader would almost certainly be “hmmm, Trump is either lying or ignorant. Lots and lots of nations do exactly what we do.” The less casual reader—the reader who bothered to follow the link to that law review article—would probably add, “and what’s more it’s the proper thing to do in terms of human rights.” One reader in a million might pause to think “hmmm, that means that the only other developed country in the world that allows birthright citizenship to the extent that the US does is Canada. And unlike the US, Canada lacks a border with a state such as Mexico, from which a lot of people might be tempted to come in order to gain citizenship that way.”
The only border Canada has with anyone is with the US. And although there may be some US citizens or residents yearning for Canadian citizenship for their babies, I doubt that number is more than a very very few.
The point is that we’re the magnet for birthright citizenship and also for what’s called “birth tourism,” which is a separate but related issue.
Axios might just as easily written something like this: “Most of the countries in the Western Hemisphere also have birthright citizenship, but the only first world country other than the US that has it is Canada, and all the countries of Europe and the UK have banned and/or restricted it, as have most of the other countries of the world.” That’s a very different message, but it’s one that Axios did not give, although it would have been a simple matter to have done so, and would have given its readers the most accurate picture of the situation.
And Axios is not alone. For example, here’s John Cassidy in The New Yorker:
“We’re the only country in the world where a person comes in and has a baby, and the baby is essentially a citizen of the United States for eighty-five years with all of those benefits,” Trump told reporters from Axios. “It’s ridiculous. It’s ridiculous. And it has to end.”…
The first part of this statement was a Trump truth—that is, a blatant falsehood. Many other countries, including Canada, Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico, have birthright-citizenship laws.
If you want to get really technical about it, the first part of Trump’s statement was a literal truth: we are the only country in the world in which a person entering can have a baby that becomes a citizen of the US. But I’ll not nit-pick, because that’s not what Trump seems to have been trying to say. Trump appeared to be saying that we are the only country with birthright citizenship, and that’s certainly not the case.
But just as with Axios—although Cassidy’s method is slightly different—Cassidy leads the reader astray by subtly implying that those “many” unnamed countries would be something on the order of Canada (the first one he lists), Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico—that is, either first-world countries or countries that are doing relatively well compared to the third-world countries that happen to actually constitute the rest of those “many countries” that have birthright citizenship. And Cassidy doesn’t even provide a link of any sort to the list, so that a reader could see for him/herself what those fairly abysmal countries are.
So here we have Trump being hyperbolic and untruthful, and implying that we’re the only ones with this policy. But his critics are being misleading (although in a more subtle way), implying that Trump’s point is ridiculous and that automatic birthright citizenship is commonplace and ordinary, and that there are many other nations that have the same situation regarding birthright citizenship as we do.
That is not the case at all. In fact, the US is the only highly-developed first-world country that (a) gives birthright citizenship, and (b) shares a border with a relatively undeveloped and crime-ridden country, and is therefore in a position to give relatively easy access to citizens of that country (Mexico, in the case of the US, as well as impoverished and crime-ridden Central America). Canada does not share that situation. All other countries in the world who do have a situation even remotely like ours forbid birthright citizenship of illegal immigrants. And most of the countries of the world that allow birthright citizenship are not what you’d call magnets for immigration or birth tourism. Au contraire.
I wish Trump would somehow convey that information more clearly. I wish it were easy to do it succinctly. But what Trump certainly does do is to get people’s attention.
Lindsay Graham, who is a lawyer, managed to say it this way:
“The United States is one of two developed countries in the world who grant citizenship based on location of birth,” Graham said. “This policy is a magnet for illegal immigration, out of the mainstream of the developed world, and needs to come to an end.”
“I plan to introduce legislation along the same lines as the proposed executive order from President,” the South Carolina Republican said in a statement.
I have yet to locate exactly what those lines of a Trump executive order on this would be, but I assume that no one—not even Trump—is proposing an end to birthright citizenship. He is proposing placing some limits on it. I assume that the children of legal immigrants would still automatically become citizens, the children of tourists would not, and the children of illegal immigrants would not.
Up till now, most people in this country haven’t paid much attention to birthright citizenship. They’re paying a lot more attention now.
[NOTE: I didn’t mention it in the post, but I wonder what was left out by Axios with that ellipsis (…) in Trump’s quote, and I wonder whether it would change the meaning of what he said at all. Maybe yes, maybe no.]


