That last part – without prejudice – is important, at least potentially. It means the cases can be refiled – perhaps. The “perhaps” is because, at least for Comey, the statute of limitations has run out. I cannot find a source that explanations whether that means the clock starts again, or whether it started with the original indictment. Comey’s attorneys will argue that it has run out, of course. But will the argument hold? I suppose it depends on the judge, and then might be appealed to SCOTUS.
Not sure why the case was filed so late, but I assume because there was disagreement about filing it at all, and/or the evidence was still being uncovered. At any rate, the whole thing seems to have been sloppily done, for such an important case. The judge – appointed by Bill Clinton – doesn’t seem to believe the case against Comey can be re-opened, since the original filing becomes invalid.
The stated reason the cases against Comey and Letitia James were thrown out was procedural, and had to do with the appointment of the US attorney:
U.S. District Judge Cameron Currie disqualified interim Lindsey Halligan of the Eastern District of Virginia. …
Comey was indicted for obstruction of proceedings (18 U.S. Code § 1505) related to the Trump-Russia investigation.
James was indicted for bank fraud (18 U.S. Code § 1344) and making false statements to a financial institution (18 U.S. Code § 1014) regarding alleged mortgage fraud.
James accused President Donald Trump of violating Section 546 of Title 28 and the Appointments Clause by appointing Halligan.
Currie wrote:
“In sum, the text, structure, and history of section 546 point to one conclusion: the Attorney General’s authority to appoint an interim U.S. Attorney lasts for a total of 120 days from the date she first invokes section 546 after the departure of a Senate-confirmed U.S. Attorney. If the position remains vacant at the end of the 120-day period, the exclusive authority to make further interim appointments under the statute shifts to the district court, where it remains until the President’s nominee is confirmed by the Senate.
“Ms. Halligan was not appointed in a manner consistent with this framework.”
For what it’s worth, I’ve never believed they would be convicted, although it was (and remains) certainly possible. My reason is that Comey in particular was and still is too powerful, and there are too many judges who automatically rule against Trump and the right. Then again, these cases seem to have been rushed and handled in a sloppy manner, as I already stated. However, Trump only has been president since late January and the Comey case would have expired at the end of September, so perhaps it had to be rushed. Turley explains, also, that this decision by Judge Currie can be appealed.
James’ case could be re-filed; I don’t think there’s a statute of limitations problem there. As for Comey, I suppose it’s possible that he could be indicted in a different case – a conspiracy case, perhaps – arising from his behavior, but I wouldn’t sit on a hot stove until that happens. And I will add that the nitty-gritty procedural aspects of law were never my especially strong suit.

