I’ve seen a lot of comments around the blogosphere from people who feel angry because the present primary system so often leads to the nominee being chosen (de facto, anyway) quite early on. The complaint goes like this: Why should a few stupid little states like Iowa, New Hampshire, and South Carolina decide the whole shebang?
But every New Hampshire (or South Carolina, or to a lesser extent Iowa, because it’s done there by caucuses) voter stands for many thousands more. Each state isn’t typical of the whole, of course; state primaries are not the same as a poll in which the sample is carefully selected (and even those polls and samples are often flawed, sometimes deeply flawed). But I’d bet that when you average out the results of the first three or four or five states to vote, then the results become more and more typical of the entire country. And if the earlier results point pretty powerfully in a single direction to a single winner—which doesn’t always happen, of course—it’s a good bet that this will probably continue to be the trend unless some fresh scandal erupts or some new events emerge to change the picture.
My talk of cumulative representativeness in the early primaries doesn’t mean I like the way the primary system is set up at the moment; I don’t. I think it lends itself to a bandwagon effect, and that having so many primaries on a single day (“Super Tuesday“) favors the candidate with the most money (but then, just about everything about campaigns favors the candidate with the most money). I also think primaries lock in a candidate too soon and make it impossible for a party to retain enough flexibility to react to changing circumstances and events, as well as allowing a less popular candidate to be nominated when the vote is split on the other side by the entry and persistence of a large number of candidates from one faction of the party.
I think the latter is one of the reasons many conservatives are so angry at the growing sense that Romney may run away with this thing. Ah, if only more of the others would drop out, they say. Then the conservative vote would unite behind one candidate who could defeat RINO Romney and be nominated instead. While that argument may have some merit, I’m not at all sure it would work that way. I see all the alternative conservative candidates as having disqualified or marginalized themselves in the eyes of too many voters, and I think a substantial number of their votes would go to Romney.
Wiki lists a number of proposals that have been made in an attempt to improve the primary system. After a quick look, I lean towards one called a “balanced primary system“:
Under this plan, primary contests would be held during 13 out of the 18 weeks, starting in late January and ending in late May. California would vote about halfway through the process. Before California votes, each week’s contest would choose about 12% of the delegates necessary for the nomination, from a single state, or a group of contiguous states. After California votes, the contests would award more delegates in larger groups of states, since the positions of the hopefuls would be better known by then.
To provide balance, diversity in each contest would be maximized. Liberal states would be paired with conservative states; urban areas would be mixed with rural areas. The contests would move around so that each region of the country would award some delegates before California votes. In subsequent years, groups of states could trade off dates, so that the same states did not vote early in every election.
The advantages of this system include the feature that lesser known candidates could still have a chance by using retail politics in small states early, without giving those early small states too much influence. Travel time and advertising cost would be minimized by requiring that groups of states be contiguous, thus saving the hopefuls’ time and money.
Like many election reform ideas, though, I don’t think it’s going to happen. Many states have too vested an interest in being first. What’s more, it’s the sort of proposal that keeps falling by the wayside once the primaries and the election are over and we’ve got a lot of other and seemingly more pressing things on which to focus our attention.