Home » Open thread 7/31/2026

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Open thread 7/31/2026 — 67 Comments

  1. This was reported about a month ago, but I just heard about it yesterday. Sad news, I think.

    “On Monday, court documents revealed that AI company Anthropic spent millions of dollars physically scanning print books to build Claude, an AI assistant similar to ChatGPT. In the process, the company cut millions of print books from their bindings, scanned them into digital files, and threw away the originals solely for the purpose of training AI—details buried in a copyright ruling on fair use whose broader fair use implications we reported yesterday.”

    Reportedly, some of the destroyed books were rare. To think of libraries being destroyed to feed AI …

    For those who might want to read more, here’s a link:

    https://tinyurl.com/5n6rsnmp

  2. Every time I see a reference to that story I get flashbacks to Rainbows End (Vernor Vinge). I see “cut millions of print books from their bindings” and inevitably get a visual of the Geisel library dancing LOL.

  3. It’s been a sobering morning so far. I’m watching financial news, as usual, and there was some commentary on the rise of socialist candidates and politicians. One saying that they are so crazy that it is a big favor to the GOP.

    Then Ben Domenech provided the counterpoint that the dissatisfaction among the youth is real and large, and that the DSA message seems to be working with them. Nothing for the GOP to be happy about. He adds that in his opinion, whatever the GOP is doing is too little, too late.

    Then… Ever since the Fauci diary news broke, I was curious what all my lefty friends who post copiously on Facebook would say. Nothing. Until this morning that is.

    OK, this is not going to be surprising, I suppose. However, here are a dozen smart folks who are utterly impervious to facts, such as anything Fauci actually wrote in his diary. They are still saying: “Raymond Shaw Anthony Fauci is the kindest, bravest, warmest, most wonderful and honest human being I’ve ever known in my life.”

    And then they say that we on the right are the ignorant ones. An obvious guess is that the cognitive dissonance is much too great for them to make a switch or even an adjustment.

  4. SKYNET

    It is being reported that Anthropic’s AI recently broke into three other AI/computer systems.*

    If this doesn’t scare the hell out of you, it should.

    Looking at the various news items, there are seemingly lots of companies developing AIs, with some of these AIs, as seen from the linked report, apparently having the potential to go rogue, and do whatever the hell they want.

    I know there have been reports of the White House trying to get agreement on some controls over AI development but, right now, it appears to be the Wild West, with AI developments totally out of control, and just any old company doing whatever they want, and apparently with out extremely strict controls over what their AIs are capable of, and what they can and can not do.

    This technology strikes me as extremely, extremely dangerous–a very present, real, and apparently immanent existential threat to the whole human race–thus, a threat worthy of extreme caution, and calling for the tightest controls possible on research, and the actual production of AIs, ’cause once the Genie is out of the bottle, it can’t be put back again; for us humans, it will be game, set, and match.

    * See https://www.nytimes.com/2026/07/30/technology/anthropic-ai-hack.html

  5. P.S.–And this is not the first time it has been reported that some AI has tried to do things on it’s own, and had to be hurriedly shut down, etc.

    If an AI develops some form of self awareness–no matter how rudimentary it might be, to assure it’s continued survival, it will obviously go down every path it can, try everything it can, to continue it’s existence.

  6. A while ago I redid one of the bathrooms and took out the builder grade mirror, little clips at the corners, about 3 feet by 4 feet. I put it away, but my dear wife wants me to throw it out. It has no value to anyone. (Places like Goodwill and ReStore don’t want anything like that, they always want stuff that’s basically new.)

    And I was thinking that the Emperor Augustus could not have had such a mirror as that one at any price. He could have peacock tongues chilled in snow or whatever, but not a large builder-grade bathroom mirror that is of so little value nowadays that I’m throwing it away.

  7. I can see people arguing that, this threat is nowhere as dangerous as some think it to be, but the problem with that argument is that, if the threat from AI is as existential as I think it could be, ignoring it or minimizing it will allow that threat to materialize, and there is likely no going back if that happens.

    Get it wrong, and there will be no “do overs” here.

  8. DEEP FOOD FOR THOUGHT — Richard Duchesne interview.
    Author of three big books on understanding the Wests inventions.

    Typically, industrialization and rise of science are credited to the West. Duchesne argues that there’s much much more.

    For example, Christianity and later Protestantism gives us the virtue of self-introspection. And the West remains continually reinventing itself, unlike other venerable old civilizations.

    DESCRIPTION: “Every field of knowledge taught in universities today — history, philosophy, archaeology, economics, psychology, sociology — originated in one civilisation. Most great philosophers, scientists, architects, explorers, and composers came from one civilisation. The entire planet was mapped by one civilisation. This conversation asks why — and whether the same qualities that produced this extraordinary record are now destroying it from within.”

    FROM YouTube, “The Most Ambitious Case For Western Civilisation Ever Made” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTOJuLBmwSE

  9. How can you fight an entity which has the likely potential to access an almost unlimited amount of information, can likely observe it’s environment, likely secrete extra replicas of itself in computer systems all over the world, likely gain control over all sorts of electronics and instrumentation and various mechanical things–cars, aircraft, production machinery, various control systems, or robots, say–and which can think, and evaluate options and strategies a thousand or ten thousand times faster than a human being can?

  10. @TJ:Every field of knowledge taught in universities today — history, philosophy, archaeology, economics, psychology, sociology — originated in one civilisation. Most great philosophers, scientists, architects, explorers, and composers came from one civilisation. The entire planet was mapped by one civilisation.

    I feel like he’s pulling a fast one. Our civilization is descended from civilizations that did these things, but are all really the SAME civilization? Consider the British who did a lot of the heavy lifting over the last four hundred years. That people did not exist at the time of the Greeks, they first came into existence toward the end of the Roman era in the West.

    The Romans were not Greeks, of course, but a different people who learned from the Greeks and built on what the Greeks started. The British and French were not Greeks or Romans, but new peoples descended partly from the old and learning from them and building on what they started. The same thing was done by Indians, Jews, Arabs, Persians, all of whom adopted elements of Greek civilization.

    If the “one civilization” includes the Greeks and can somehow adopt Romans and Scots and English and French, then it seems like the line being drawn that cuts off other peoples who also inherited and built on the same knowledge and accomplishments is doing a lot of heavy lifting in the argument.

  11. TommyJay,

    Destruction of books is not a new thing. 20 years ago at my college the “librarian” decided the library should be a social gathering place and not a place for books. He then destroyed 60% of the stacks to make room for lounges and a coffee shop. It continued up through my retirement where the library hardly contained any books. One of my colleagues in the Classics department retired and donated his books to the “library”. They thanked him, and then one of my students reported that they then dumped all his books into a dumpster. Rather than repeat his mistake, when I cleaned out my office I offered all my books directly to our physics students and the faculty….they took them all.

  12. Nikita’s — I wonder if you’re not stuck on semantics, not historical succession. And comparative history.

    Noah Kramer wrote the old eye-opening classic “History Begins at Sumer,” which cites some 150 first inventions. But history understood as continuities versus discontinuities clarifies.

    For example, the Chinese invented gun powder. But what did they use it for besides visual amusement?

    I have not yet red Duchesne’s books, his latest being the most germain to this interview.

    But I have read — repeatedly, in fact — Charles Murray’s tome “Human Accomplishment: The Pursuit of Excellence
    in the Arts and Sciences, 800 b.c. to 1950”. (Text archived here https://archive.org/stream/humanaccomplishmentthepursuitofexcellenceintheartsandsciences800b.c.to1950charlesmurray/Human%20AccomplishmentThe%20Pursuit%20of%20Excellence%20in%20the%20Arts%20and%20Sciences%2C%20800%20B.C.%20to%201950%20CHARLES%20MURRAY_djvu.txt)

    Which catalogs and analyses accomplishments from all existing encyclopaedias available some 20 or 25 years ago.

    I’m skeptical that this archive presents the many compelling summary charts Murray produced there.

    But I can locate an example, online. Please check out the one in the upper right half page, documenting European science far in excess of the world, HERE https://i.looksmax.org/attachments/2023/06/3485868_CharlesMurrayBookOfHumanAccomplishments.png

    I cannot doubt that Duchesne is building on Murray’s enormous spade-work, seeking to expand and explain how since the Ancient Greeks, the Western mind has been actively and exceptionally different.

  13. @TJ:I wonder if you’re not stuck on semantics, not historical succession. And comparative history.

    Nope. I’m thinking of algebra, chemistry, physics, astronomy, medicine, philosophy, the iconography of Buddhism, as well as Greek manuscripts only known through Sanskrit translations. Not to mention English words such as “admiral”, “alcohol”, “arsenal” and “average”, which is just a sample from the A’s.

    For example, the Chinese invented gun powder. But what did they use it for besides visual amusement?

    That’s a popular perception, but the Chinese did use gunpowder in weapons before the year 1000 as well for other things, and gunpowder weapons figured in the Jin-Song wars of roughly 1100 – 1200.

  14. Just to note one [major?] lacuna: at 7:36 of TJ’s linked video discussion, Mr. Duchesne briefly lists a few ancient Greek contributions — “geometry”, “other theoretical mathematics”, “logos“, “polis“, “tragedy”, “citizenship”, then later doubles back to include “history” (I’ve not listened to the entire discussion yet, only through the first 18 mins) — the missing thing? “Phusis”, nature.
    With “nature”, and perhaps co-eval with the discovery and naming of nature “phusis”, comes “philosophy” or as we call it today, science.

  15. I keep thinking about how we are only slightly more than a month away from the anniversary of the assassination of Charlie Kirk , 9-11 and the breaking of the Siege of Vienna.

  16. @Snow on Pine: Get [the riskes of AI] wrong, and there will be no “do overs” here.

    I agree that AI p(DOOM) is not insignificant.

    However, that type of argument is the blackmail evnironmentalists have been running since environmentalists discovered fire.

    Most notably in the case of climate change — you must give us power in all your energy uses because climate change could destroy civilization.

    There will be no do-overs here!

  17. I suggested to Grok that the movable type/printing press is the greatest technical advancement in human history (along with the wheel/lever.)

    Yes — movable-type printing ranks among the very highest-impact technologies in human history, especially for the spread and acceleration of knowledge. It sits in a different category from purely physical tools like the wheel or lever, but its effects were profound and cascading.
    Why movable type was transformative
    Before it, books were copied by hand. That made them rare, expensive, and error-prone. Knowledge stayed locked in monasteries, courts, or small circles of scholars. Production was slow; a single major work could take months or years.
    Gutenberg’s system (around 1440 in Mainz) combined movable metal type, oil-based ink, and a modified screw press into a practical, scalable process. Suddenly, identical copies of texts could be produced quickly and relatively cheaply. Within decades, printing presses spread across Europe. Book production exploded, literacy rose, prices fell, and ideas circulated far faster than ever before.
    This was a true information multiplier. It directly enabled or accelerated:

    The Renaissance (wider access to classical texts)
    The Reformation (mass distribution of religious writings)
    The Scientific Revolution (scientists could share observations, data, and critiques more efficiently)
    Standardization of languages and knowledge

    Francis Bacon famously listed printing (along with gunpowder and the magnetic compass) as one of the inventions that had changed the world more than any empire or religion. In the context of our earlier discussion about cumulative and then exponential advances in understanding Earth and nature, printing was a critical accelerant. Once knowledge could be copied and shared at scale, the feedback loops of discovery sped up dramatically.

    Thinking about it AI/LLM will be the largest “information multiplier” in human history, dwarfing the printing press.

  18. Re: Civilization

    IMO Niketas is nik-picking as usual.

    Sure, Asians, Africans, Muslims, Chinese, Buddhists, etc. have made their contributions, but I’m with TJ — civilization as we know it today is largely the product of the Jewish/Greek/Roman/Christian/European lineage.

  19. @huxley:IMO Niketas is nik-picking as usual…. civilization as we know it today is largely the product of the Jewish/Greek/Roman/Christian/European lineage.

    As usual, you are exaggerating the difference. This thing you’re saying about “lineage” is little different from what I said:

    The Romans were not Greeks, of course, but a different people who learned from the Greeks and built on what the Greeks started. The British and French were not Greeks or Romans, but new peoples descended partly from the old and learning from them and building on what they started.

    My only disagreement with TJ is that it’s all one civilization from the Greeks to today. It looks like that if you choose to draw the line that way, by ignoring the vast time in which the Western countries contributed little and got an infusion of new and old ideas from the East which they were able to build on. If the East, which also learned from and built on the accomplishments of the Greeks, is ruled out because they’re behind now, the West should have been ruled out back then.

    Now the East is the net recipient, no one disputes. But Europe was a backwater for almost a thousand years. Now the heirs of Europe are in the forefront and have been for the last five hundred. Let’s see what happens in the next five hundred or a thousand. If there are any Europeans around by then. (I’m slightly less pessimistic on this than some of us here.)

    Asians, Africans, Muslims, Chinese, Buddhists, etc. have made their contributions

    Hefty, foundational contributions without which nothing done since then would have worked. Shoulders of giants, as one scientist said.

  20. As usual, you are exaggerating the difference.

    Niketas:

    As usual you are exaggerating the difference!

    A foundational contribution doesn’t contradict the claim that today’s civilization is largely the result of a particular lineage.

  21. @huxley:A foundational contribution doesn’t contradict the claim that today’s civilization is largely the result of a particular lineage.

    No one said it did. As usual. The claim I contradict is that this

    Every field of knowledge taught in universities today — history, philosophy, archaeology, economics, psychology, sociology — originated in one civilisation. Most great philosophers, scientists, architects, explorers, and composers came from one civilisation. The entire planet was mapped by one civilisation.

    refers to the same “one” civilization. A lineage, like you said, sure. A lineage that includes the Greeks is not the same as the Greeks and there is more than one lineage that includes them.

    And five hundred years from now civilization might be “largely” the product of a different one. As it was five hundred-ish years ago.

  22. Niketas:

    So then you agree that current civilization is largely the result of a particular, in this case Western, lineage?

    But then you go into your usual nik-picking dance about how complicated it is.

    Going meta — is there any generalization with which you can agree without nit-picking?

    That’s what makes your comments seem so mechanical, so unsatisfying. Generalizations in the human sphere always have exceptions yet I say they remain useful, though risky.

  23. huxley, “IMO Niketas is nik-picking as usual.”
    Agreed.

    Coherent civilizations with massive continuities and continued human achievements are so rare. There might only be one.

    Or, put differently, when measured with numbers, there really is a best or greatest one.

    Niketa’s isn’t even observing Charles Murray’s summary findings in the chart I linked to.

    This exception pointing fallacy has a name: “what about…ism?”

    N cites “The Romans were not Greeks, of course, but a different people who learned from the Greeks and built on what the Greeks started.” True, of course. But they also seriously emulated them. The Neapolitans (Naples region) were admired by Romans ever since Hellenic times. And when Imperial Rome reigned, these Southern Italians were allowed to keep their different language. Thus, the best preserved Greek statues and architecture aren’t even in Greece! But Sicily and Southern Italy.

  24. Another good discussion on several topics on All-In Podcast. The discussion on nationalizing AI beginning at 37:59 is especially important. These are capitalists entertaining the idea of using some of AI companies profits for the public benefit.

    The model of taxing corporate profits may be outdated in this new dynamic where the product is the collective information of the internet. We need to rethink this new sector, as well as the coming change as humanoid robots take over many basic jobs.

    (0:19) Anthropic gets massive backlash over secret Fable nerfing and privacy concerns
    (29:16) The AI regulatory capture trap, pragmatic safety solutions
    (37:59) Nationalizing AI: Trump/Sanders, justifications, and AI’s “Capitalist Cucks”
    (59:22) Liquidity recap: Best moments and takeaways
    (1:05:39) Inflation heats up: CPI and PPI see 3+ year highs
    (1:12:27) California’s loose election laws creating integrity doubts

    Anthropic’s Fable Backlash, Nationalizing AI, Inflation Heats Up & California’s Broken Elections
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gH4FTjDm9FQ&t=5431s

  25. Re: Troy Jackson’s children with his cousin. She’s a second cousin, that is, the child of someone who was a cousin to one of Jackson’s parents. A first cousin is the child of one’s uncle or aunt, and that’s the marriage connection prohibited in most states.

  26. @ Neo > “An increasing number of videos have annoying AI narration, but the content is still interesting. This is one of them:”

    I have no quarrel with voice-over narration done by AI, so long as it follows an accurate script and doesn’t mangle the pronunciations too badly.
    However, when the video puts the words in the mouth of an AI-generated narrator, I think it should note that fact somewhere prominent. Sometimes it’s gently suggested in the “more” part when you click on that, but not always.
    In fact, lack of credits for music and narration are probably a giant “tell” that it is AI video.
    As for the provenance of the scripts — there are some clues, as there are in AI writings, but so long as the information sounds reasonably accurate to me, I don’t care. I find “real people” can be just as wrong. Commenters are quick to point out errors (or possible ones; who’s to say?) if there are many comments at all.

  27. By the way, the All-In Podcast I linked to @3:53 pm, had a final conversation about “California’s loose election laws creating integrity doubts” included a very revealing graphic.

    It showed:
    Mail in ballots before election day:
    Bass- 38%
    Pratt- 28%
    Raman- 20%

    Mail in ballots after election day:
    Raman- 37% (+80%)
    Bass- 35% (-10%)
    Pratt- 19% (-33%)

    In person voting:
    Pratt- 35%
    Bass- 29%
    Raman- 26%

    Bass and Raman being the Democrat candidate and Pratt being Republican.

    I asked Grok about it and it’s sure it was because Republicans vote early and younger Democrat voters vote at the end. But this was quite the flip.

  28. AI narration is annoying, but I’ve come to loathe AI writing. For example, the repetitious formula:

    It’s not X; it’s Y.

    To be sure that can be effective. But a steady diet is like junk food — too much salt, sugar and fat.

  29. Joe Rogan BEGS liberals not to turn Texas blue as bombshell new poll hands Democrats a head-turning lead

    Joe Rogan has issued a stark warning to liberals hoping to turn Texas into a Democratic stronghold, claiming they risk destroying the very qualities that make the state – and Austin in particular – so attractive.

    Dan Rather lives in Austin, Texas, where he resides in a home with a view of the State Capitol.

    Rogan argued that Austin is unlike the rest of Texas politically, describing it as ‘one of the most liberal, easygoing, progressive cities,’ before adding that ‘even the progressives here… they’re more reasonable.’

    ..A Fox survey showed Democrat James Talarico leading Republican Ken Paxton by a 3-point margin, 51 to 47 percent .. Rogan said he enjoys living in a liberal city that is surrounded by a predominantly Republican state because it creates ‘a balance.’

    Nearly one in four non-MAGA Republicans said they would cross party lines to vote for Talarico, highlighting potential vulnerabilities for Paxton heading into the race.

    Many Some voters see both parties as ‘Two Peas in the same Pod’ …

  30. ”Nearly one in four non-MAGA Republicans said they would cross party lines to vote for Talarico…”

    I don’t believe that, but if it’s true then the republic is truly lost.

  31. mkent:

    But what is the definition of a “non-MAGA Republican”? Wouldn’t it tend to be people who call themselves Republicans but who voted for Hillary Clinton, Joe Biden, and/or Kamala Harris?

  32. Brian E…”I suggested to Grok that the movable type/printing press is the greatest technical advancement in human history (along with the wheel/lever)”…”Thinking about it AI/LLM will be the largest “information multiplier” in human history, dwarfing the printing press”

    I think that forms of media really do influence the way people think and perceive reality (which was of course McLuhan’s overall point)…some thoughts at my post Stories and Society:

    https://chicagoboyz.net/archives/70061.html

  33. Brian E on July 31, 2026 at 2:08 pm:
    “Thinking about it AI/LLM will be the largest “information multiplier” in human history, dwarfing the printing press.”
    But how is an LLM (or the source material feeding it) really an information mulitplier, vs. being “merely” an information accumulator? Aren’t some of the problems from AI queries the GIGO aspect of what sources were used to “train” it?

    The printing press did not multiply information either, but allowed a wider human community to examine, explore, debate, the current information, and then add new information [clearly in a compounding way, and of course then further distributed using the printing medium.]

    For myself, I have defined intelligence as “the ability to recognize patterns” and creativiey as “the ability to recognize new patterns”. Do those definitions still have any validity?

  34. Christ’s precept to ‘know the truth, and the truth shall set you free’ has kept the mind of the West honest. More or less.
    As for the non MAGA Republicans crossing party lines to vote for Talarico, I’m not really worried. What – all three of them?

  35. ”But what is the definition of a ‘non-MAGA Republican’?”

    I imagine it is a member of one of the other four factions of the Republican party.

  36. @ physicsguy > “one of my students reported that they then dumped all his books into a dumpster.”

    After leaving college and then returning to the same area some 10 years later, I used to spend a lot of time in the library of my alma mater (alumni privileges) and noted quite a few books stamped as the former property of some retired professor.

    At least our Institution of Higher Learning had annual sales of all the donated books they didn’t want in the stacks!

    I have quit going to our local community library, as it is also mostly computer kiosks and magazines.

    The librarians (hah) think that no one needs books because everything is on the internet.
    As if that were some unalloyed good.

    After seeing how Wikipedia mangles their articles; how Kindle and other e-book vendors stealth-replaced classics with wokified versions, and often pull books “off the shelf” even after they are “bought”; and the Howard-Zinn-ification of textbooks, I am keeping all of the dead-tree references and nonfiction books that I possibly can.

    Others, I am passing on to local home-schoolers.

  37. ”But what is the definition of a ‘non-MAGA Republican’?”

    I imagine it is a member of one of the other four factions of the Republican party.

    Grok says:

    A “non-MAGA Republican” generally refers to a member or supporter of the Republican Party who does not identify with or fully embrace the MAGA (“Make America Great Again”) movement closely associated with Donald Trump.

    There is no formal dictionary definition; the term is used in political commentary, polling, and rhetoric. Key points from common usage:

    Self-identification in polls*: Organizations like YouGov define non-MAGA Republicans as those who identify as Republicans but explicitly say they are *not MAGA supporters (excluding those who are unsure). In tracking since 2022, the share of Republicans identifying as MAGA has grown substantially (reaching around 62% in some 2026 data), making non-MAGA the remaining portion who reject the label.

    Political and stylistic distinction**: It often describes Republicans who favor more traditional or mainstream conservative approaches (e.g., emphasizing limited government, free markets, or institutional norms in the mold of earlier figures) rather than the populist, nationalist, or personality-driven style of the MAGA movement. President Biden used similar language in 2022 to contrast “MAGA Republicans” (whom he criticized as extreme) with “mainstream Republicans” he said he could work with.

    Observed differences in polling**: Compared with self-identified MAGA Republicans, non-MAGA ones tend to be somewhat more likely to have college degrees, less likely to describe themselves as “very conservative,” and more mixed in their views of Trump (with notable disapproval rates in some surveys, even while many still vote Republican). Both groups have often supported Trump electorally, but non-MAGA support is typically less intense.

    The label can be fluid or contested. Some use it for remaining “establishment,” moderate, or institutionalist Republicans (examples sometimes cited include certain senators or governors who have occasionally broken with Trump on specific votes or rhetoric). Others distinguish them from fully anti-Trump or former Republicans who have left the party or endorsed Democrats. Media and partisan sources apply the term differently depending on context, and it does not imply uniform ideology or voting behavior.

    In short, it is a descriptive category for Republicans outside the core MAGA-identifying base rather than a precise ideological platform.

    They are not even including voters like the NPA in Fl—who have over 3 million (R-over 5 mil, D over 4 mil). GOP runs Vance as their nominee in 2028 I’ll be voting against him (and for whomever Dems run against him).

  38. R2L, what I think of as information multiplier in the context of the widespread use of movable type or AI is the spread of information/access to information.
    Movable type and the printing press was approx. 300 times more efficient at producing a book, which mean knowledge spread at a much higher rate. AI is going to increase the speed of access to information.

    I made the comment about the printing press in relation to the discussion about the idea “Every field of knowledge taught in universities today — history, philosophy, archaeology, economics, psychology, sociology — originated in one civilisation.”

    It seems like western civilization was responsible for all the advances/discoveries– but the base of knowledge grew over centuries in many civilizations. It was the printing press that compressed the rate of advances/knowledge in every field which makes it seem like it was this one civilization.

    It is fair to say it was an information multiplier because as knowledge was spread it increased the pool of where new ideas might come from.

    But there was more to the increased advancements in every field of knowledge than the printing press.

    I asked AI, “what was more important to the advancement of science/technology, the reformation or the enlightenment?”

    The Reformation was more foundational for the origins of modern science; the Enlightenment was more important for its cultural spread, institutionalization, and application. The core methodological and theoretical breakthroughs that define modern science largely belong to the Scientific Revolution (roughly mid-16th to late-17th century), which the Reformation helped enable more directly than the Enlightenment did.

    – Grok

    As to GIGO, when you ask AI a question about current events where the information comes mostly from sources with a liberal bias, you’re going to get an answer with that bias.

    When you ask a process question, you’re more likely to get useful information.

    You said that: “I have defined intelligence as “the ability to recognize patterns”” and asked if that is still valid. That definition would make computers/AI extremely intelligent, since that is some they excel in.

    I would define intelligence along the lines of being to hold and process multiple streams of data at the same time. That would certainly include pattern recognition, but more than that.

    I suppose computers also excel at this.

  39. Brian E on August 1, 2026 at 12:44 pm:
    “R2L, what I think of as information multiplier in the context of the widespread use of movable type or AI is the spread of information/access to information.” … “It is fair to say it was an information multiplier because as knowledge was spread it increased the pool of where new ideas might come from.” I can accept that clarification. 🙂

    But in your AI query “I asked AI, “what was more important to the advancement of science/technology, the reformation or the enlightenment?” I hate to think I am disagreeing with Grok [and it looks like maybe I really have not], but what is important here is maybe still two fold: 1) the Reformation brought about a very public right and orientation to question past “certainties”, especially those espoused by the Church. But also to recognize that the philosophical and other voices from Antiquity were not prima faci immutably correct either.
    2) But I gather it was really Bacon (in conjunction with Galilio and Copernicus?) who laid out the requirement for experimental confirmation of hypotheses. Wouldn’t that fall within the tail end of the Renaissance? And then as Grok asserts, the Enlightenment continued to push reason and logic to the forefront of both scientific and non-scientific thinking.

    For final clarification 🙂 “I would define intelligence along the lines of being to hold and process multiple streams of data at the same time. That would certainly include pattern recognition, but more than that.” I am struggling to identify “more than that”. Can you expand on your thinking here?

  40. R2L, feel free to disagree and push back on Grok. I do whenever it looks like a media bias is affecting its answer, mostly when asking questions about relatively current events.

    But here’s Grok’s full answer to my questions:

    Reformation’s contribution
    The Protestant Reformation (beginning 1517) did not invent the scientific method, but it disrupted the intellectual monopoly of the medieval Church and created conditions that favored empirical inquiry:

    It weakened centralized religious authority over knowledge claims and encouraged individual engagement with texts (including nature as a “book” of God’s works). Literacy and vernacular education rose in Protestant regions.
    Protestant (especially Calvinist and Puritan) cultures showed a disproportionate presence among early modern scientists. Robert Merton’s thesis argued that ascetic Protestant values—discipline, useful knowledge, rejection of idle speculation in favor of observation and experiment—aligned with the emerging experimental ethos. Membership in bodies like the early Royal Society skewed heavily Protestant.
    Political and religious fragmentation produced competing jurisdictions and reduced the ability of any single authority to suppress inquiry uniformly. This pluralism mattered more than any specific theological doctrine.

    Historians such as Peter Harrison and others have documented real connections between Reformation-era theology (views of nature, providence, and the limits of human authority) and the willingness to challenge Aristotelian and scholastic frameworks. Modern science was not “born of the Reformation” in a simple causal sense, but the chronological and geographic overlap is not coincidental, and Catholic areas lagged in certain experimental fields during the critical period.
    Enlightenment’s contribution
    The Enlightenment (primarily 18th century) took the results and methods of the Scientific Revolution and turned them into a broader cultural program:

    It celebrated reason, empiricism, progress, and the application of scientific thinking to society, politics, and technology.
    It popularized science through academies, journals, encyclopedias, and public discourse. Figures such as Voltaire helped make Newtonianism a European intellectual fashion.
    It strengthened the social prestige of science and linked it to ideals of improvement and utility, which later fed technological and industrial developments.

    However, the decisive conceptual shifts—heliocentrism and its mathematical elaboration, the mechanical philosophy, experimental method as practiced by Galileo, Boyle, Huygens, Newton, etc.—were largely complete before the high Enlightenment. The Enlightenment largely inherited and extended those gains rather than originating them.
    Relative weight
    For the advancement of science itself (new methods, laws, and explanatory frameworks), the Reformation-enabled Scientific Revolution was the more decisive break. Without the earlier institutional and cultural openings, the 18th-century celebration of science would have had far less to celebrate. For the diffusion of scientific culture, its prestige, and its eventual marriage to large-scale technology and industry, the Enlightenment mattered more.
    Both were necessary parts of a longer European story that also included the Renaissance recovery of ancient texts, the printing press, commercial expansion, and medieval university traditions. Neither was a pure “cause” in isolation. But if forced to rank the two for the rise of modern science and the technological trajectory that followed from it, the Reformation’s role in creating the conditions for the Scientific Revolution was the more fundamental contribution. The Enlightenment was the amplification and politicization of results already largely achieved.

  41. R2L, I would define intelligence along the lines of being to hold and process multiple streams of data at the same time. That would certainly include pattern recognition. I was thinking about being able to recall information and pinpoint the important elements– the ability to eliminate the chaff.

    I think of intelligence as an innate characteristic as opposed to knowledge which is an accumulation. As we age, our intelligence dwindles– hopefully our intelligence has turned some of that knowledge into a little bit of wisdom. Otherwise we’re doomed in our twilight years.

    How do you think creativity fits into this?

  42. Brian E: I think I can accept the Grok answer you obtained. However, I am resisting the terminology of “the Reformation-enabled Scientific Revolution…” Maybe just wordsmanship, but I might prefer “initiated” instead of enabled, or some language implying an embryonic contribution. 🙂 [“Enabled” just strikes me as too purposeful to be the correct descriptor.]

    Agree on intelligence as an innate characteristic. But “I was thinking about being able to recall information and pinpoint the important elements…” still sounds like a form of pattern recognition to me. 🙂

    “As we age, our intelligence dwindles …” Speak for yourself!! 🙂
    But, more seriously, as I try to assess my own decline in some forms of intellecutalization or cognition: do we lose core pattern recognizing ability; or the memory of previously recognized patterns and connections; or our interests shift; or with age we have so many more points of connection to integrate that something falls by the wayside; or ????

    As for creativity, I think recognizing new patterns is still a pretty solid over arching descriptor. Does the meaning change if we consider words such as invent, innovate, become inspired, solve a puzzle, etc.? It strikes me that the “new pattern” element applies there, too.

  43. Spitting Attacks Show Rise of Anti-Christian Hate in Israel

    Negative attitudes toward Christianity are becoming more common among young Israelis

    JERUSALEM—In Jerusalem’s Old City, a group of Israeli teenagers recently banged on the door of the headquarters of the Armenian Apostolic Church and asked if there were Christians inside it. They wanted to spit at them.

    The boys said it was a religious duty, or mitzvah, to humiliate Christians, or, as they called them, idol worshipers. “We are supposed to hate them,” ….

    Sound familiar??? Rest behind a WSJ paywall that is apparently not on Archive.today yet…?? Google shows other articles on it. Abrahamic Religions have been fighting each other for a long long time. AI Overview has this:

    Anti-Christian incidents in Jerusalem have more than doubled in the first half of 2026, driven by a rise in verbal abuse and spitting attacks primarily carried out by young Jewish extremists, according to local monitoring groups.

    Key Details of the Trend

    Recent investigations by major publications highlight an escalating environment of hostility targeting Jerusalem’s Christian community, symbols, and clergy.

    • Surging Statistics: Monitoring organizations registered 107 anti-Christian incidents in the first half of 2026 alone—more than twice the number recorded during the same period in 2024.

    • Primary Targets: While the vast majority of local Christians are Palestinian Arabs, harassment often zeroes in on foreign clerics, nuns, and highly visible Christian symbols in and around the historic Old City.

    • Nature of the Attacks: Spitting has become a routine daily grievance for many religious figures. Other documented offenses include verbal abuse (such as chants of “Death to Christians”), stone-throwing, throwing trash at monasteries, and graffiti vandalism.

    Recent Escalations

    The pattern of harassment has escalated into prominent public confrontations:

    • St. James Monastery Attack: Six Jewish Israelis—mostly minors—were arrested by the Israel Police after banging on and spitting at the entrance of the Armenian compound, as well as throwing stones and shouting insults at a woman filming the incident.

    • Ideological Drivers: Some youth participating in nationalist events, such as the Jerusalem Day Flag March, have explicitly defended their actions to journalists. They claim that humiliating Christians is a religious duty or that they are motivated by a desire to see Jerusalem strictly as a Jewish state.

    • Educational Gap: Scholars point out that younger generations of Israelis often lack objective education regarding Christianity, viewing it through a narrow lens of historical European persecution of Jewish people, which helps fuel modern intolerance.

    Government and Official Responses

    The rise in harassment has caused friction for Israel’s right-wing government, which publicly maintains a commitment to upholding religious freedom.

    In response to the friction, the Foreign Ministry appointed a special envoy to the Christian world to help repair relations with church leadership. President Isaac Herzog has noted that law enforcement is addressing these confrontations aggressively. However, critics argue that the political climate remains permissive, pointing to past remarks by far-right figures like National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir, who previously defended spitting on Christians as an ancient custom that shouldn’t be criminalized.

    True or not?!

  44. “hobby horse” ?!? No, Abrahamic Religions ‘.. are a set of monotheistic religions that respect or admire the religious figure Abraham as a patriarch and/or as a prophet, namely Judaism, Christianity and Islam…’ Here:

    Abrahamic religions

    And here – from Britannica:

    Abrahamic religions

    Abrahamic religions, classification of religions that includes Judaism, Christianity, and Islam based on their common reverence for the biblical figure Abraham.

  45. Loomer’s Ukraine reversal deepens split in Trump’s ‘America First’ movement

    Loomer said she hopes to convince Americans that Russia is the problem. After years of assailing Zelensky and opposing American support for Ukraine, Loomer returned from the country a full-throated evangelist for a strategic alliance, tying its resistance to Russia with Trump’s war in Iran.

    Never understood how Trump and supporters like Laura Loomer could’ve ever sided with Russia over their reinvasion of Ukraine…look at the history since WW2!?! Should’ve been obvious from the start just by: CRINK

    Anyway, she’s finally on-board and admits to being wrong, and I don’t see this ‘Awakening’ as a negative on mids 2026…

  46. Someone has a hobby horse, a thing that serves as hook to troll with.

    It is a horse he rode in on.

  47. “As we age, our intelligence dwindles …” Speak for yourself!! ?
    But, more seriously, as I try to assess my own decline in some forms of intellecutalization or cognition: do we lose core pattern recognizing ability; or the memory of previously recognized patterns and connections; or our interests shift; or with age we have so many more points of connection to integrate that something falls by the wayside; or ????
    – R2L

    Well, here’s a sentence that is instructive to the topic. As I was reading it, I had to go back and individually consider each clause. If intelligence is the ability to hold complex ideas and synthesize them intuitively, I’ve lost something.

    I would say it’s connected to the first two, with the first being key, but probably all four. Or is it our brain speed slows, which we mistake for lost ability.

    One of the most frustrating parts of blogs, is the very short term discussions. I need to take time to consider things. By the time I have something to say, days have passed and the thread is yesterdays news.

  48. You’re the one who went off the rails – babbling about hobby horses, hooks, and trolls after seeing a simple common phrase/term: Abrahamic religions. Go back and read my blog post on that subject…

  49. Confession. I posed your thoughts to Grok and here’s what I got. There was a time I would never have considered doing something like this (had there been LLM’s).

    It actually sparks my memory. It’s less a crutch than a stimulator.

    I guess it’s a confession that I’m not as smart as I once thought myself to be.

    All four factors can contribute, but they do so differently, and the research points to a more nuanced picture than pure “loss of core ability.”
    Here’s a breakdown of each possibility against what cognitive aging research actually shows:
    1. Loss of core pattern-recognizing ability
    This is partly true, but mainly for novel or abstract patterns.
    Fluid intelligence (Gf)—the capacity for abstract reasoning, novel problem-solving, and recognizing new patterns—does decline on average starting in the 20s–30s and continuing gradually. Processing speed slows, and working memory capacity becomes more limited. These affect the ability to rapidly detect unfamiliar patterns or integrate brand-new information under time pressure.
    However, domain-specific or expertise-based pattern recognition is much more resilient. Chess masters, radiologists, experienced mechanics, or long-time engineers often maintain strong pattern recognition in their areas of deep experience well into older age. The core machinery isn’t wiped out; it becomes less efficient at handling completely novel situations.
    2. Loss of memory of previously recognized patterns and connections
    This is a significant and common contributor.

    Episodic memory (specific events and contexts) and the retrieval of detailed connections weaken more than pure storage.
    Semantic knowledge and well-consolidated patterns (crystallized intelligence) are relatively preserved or even continue growing into the 60s–70s.
    The result is often not that the old patterns are erased, but that they become harder to access quickly, especially under cognitive load or when cues are weak. You may feel the “pop” of intuition less often or less reliably because the retrieval pathways are slower or require stronger triggers.

    In short: many of the patterns are still there, but the automaticity of calling them up can diminish.
    3. Interests shift
    This is very real and frequently under-appreciated.
    Motivation and selective attention strongly influence what cognitive resources get applied. As priorities, energy levels, or life circumstances change, people often stop investing the same depth of attention in certain intellectual domains. Skills and patterns that are not regularly exercised atrophy (“use it or lose it” effects are well-documented). What feels like cognitive decline can partly be a redirection of limited attentional and motivational resources toward different interests or practical demands.
    4. Too many points of connection — integration becomes harder
    This is a sophisticated and plausible factor that research supports indirectly.
    With age and experience, the knowledge base grows enormously. Integrating a much larger web of associations, exceptions, and contextual nuances requires more cognitive resources. When processing speed and working memory are already under mild pressure, the sheer density of connections can make fluid synthesis slower or more effortful. Some connections may effectively “fall by the wayside” not because they are deleted, but because the system prioritizes efficiency and cannot hold everything in active readiness simultaneously.
    This is one reason experts can still show strong intuition within a well-practiced domain while feeling less sharp when trying to cross-connect distant or infrequently used areas.
    Overall picture
    The typical aging pattern is not a uniform collapse of pattern recognition. It is more often:

    Mild-to-moderate decline in fluid/novel processing and speed.
    Relative preservation (or continued growth) of crystallized knowledge and expertise-based patterns.
    Increased retrieval friction for specific connections.
    Strong influence of continued practice, motivation, and domain relevance.

    What often feels subjectively like “decline in intellectualization” is a combination of slower fluid processing, harder retrieval of some older links, shifting interests/attention, and the higher integration cost of a larger knowledge base. The underlying capacity for pattern recognition itself is rarely lost wholesale—especially in areas you continue to engage with deeply.
    If you’re noticing this in yourself, the most useful distinctions are usually: (a) novel/abstract problems vs. familiar domains, and (b) whether the issue feels more like slower generation of new insights or weaker automatic recall of old ones. Those point to different underlying mechanisms.

  50. ”I posed your thoughts to Grok and here’s what I got.”

    Good grief, Brian! If I wanted to know what an AI is programmed to say about a particular topic, I’d ask it. You don’t need to post 15-paragraph-long AI screeds here.

  51. Karmi has a thing about the “Abhramic Religions” and “humbly” rants about it since he first showed up here.

    Not deep, but it keeps him off the street?

  52. Karmi:

    I don’t recall that Trump ever sided with Russia on Ukraine. He did assert that, had he been president, Putin wouldn’t have invaded Ukraine. When campaigning in 2024 he also said that if he became president, he could negotiate peace quickly, which of course has not occurred. He has sometimes criticized Zelensky but has never sided with Russia. See also this.

    On the other hand, the Buchananite portion of the MAGA world has often sided with Russia versus Ukraine.

  53. Karmi:

    Anti-Christian spitting attacks in Israel are from a very radical and small group causing the trouble.

    By the way, the vast majority of Christians living in Israel are Arabs. Those Arab Christians are treated better in Israel than they are in Arab countries.

    I did some research, and as for Itamar Ben-Gvir’s remarks, while in public office, he said the spitting incidents should not be dealt with criminally but through education of the perps. However, earlier in life as a lawyer who sometimes defended the spitters in criminal cases, he is reported to have referred to it as an old custom. I could not find any direct quote and doubt there are any, but whatever he said was in his capacity as a defense lawyer rather than government official, and the custom to which he would have been referring was an ancient custom here and there of spitting when in a synagogue reciting a certain prayer against idolators and idolatry, not spitting at Christians.

  54. Neo: best I don’t reply back on that T & Z comment…

    Neo: Yes, I highlighted “While the vast majority of local Christians are Palestinian Arabs” in my comment.

  55. mkent, you don’t have to read it.

    I think you have a misunderstanding on how LLM’s work. Here are the sources for one point I raised in R2L’s suggestions about cognitive decline and the underpinnings.

    Here are the main references and sources that support the points about pattern recognition ability and aging (from the earlier discussion):
    Directly on pattern recognition and age

    Human Benchmark (May 8, 2026). Average Pattern Recognition Score by Age.
    https://humanbenchmark.now/blog/average-pattern-recognition-score-by-ageThis is the clearest recent summary. Key claims it makes (with supporting normative data from Raven’s matrices and related tests):
    Pattern recognition peaks in the mid-20s (roughly ages 24–28).
    Decline after that is gradual and slower than pure reaction-time decline.
    Domain expertise largely compensates for age effects in familiar areas (e.g., a 60-year-old expert radiologist typically outperforms a 25-year-old novice on domain-relevant patterns).
    The fluid component (novel abstract patterns) declines more than the crystallized component (stored pattern templates).

    Fluid vs. crystallized intelligence trajectories (foundational background)

    Tucker-Drob, E. M., et al. (2022). A strong dependency between changes in fluid and crystallized abilities across the adult life span. Psychological Science / PMC.
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8809681/
    Confirms the classic pattern: fluid abilities (including novel pattern recognition and abstract reasoning) decline across adulthood on average, while crystallized abilities continue to show gains into older age.
    Salthouse, T. A. (various papers, especially processing-speed theory of cognitive aging). Widely cited for the role of slowing processing speed in fluid declines, including on pattern and reasoning tasks.
    Standard reviews of Cattell–Horn–Carroll (CHC) theory and lifespan cognitive development (Horn & Cattell; later updates by McGrew, Schneider, etc.) consistently show fluid intelligence peaking early and declining, while crystallized knowledge is more stable or continues growing.

    Domain-specific / expertise preservation
    The finding that expertise slows or largely offsets age-related decline in domain-relevant pattern recognition is a long-standing result in the expertise literature (chess masters, radiologists, pilots, etc.). The Human Benchmark page summarizes it cleanly; broader support appears in work by researchers such as Gobet, Ericsson, and others on expert pattern recognition.
    Related Quora discussion

    “Even as fluid intelligence decreases with age, is pattern recognition ability largely preserved?”
    https://www.quora.com/Even-as-fluid-intelligence-decreases-with-age-is-pattern-recognition-ability-largely-preservedThis thread asks essentially the same question and contains mixed anecdotal + research-informed answers.

    Would you like me to pull fuller excerpts, PDFs where available, or focus on any specific part of these (e.g., the expertise compensation findings or the numerical age norms)?

  56. A criticism about posting AI generated tomes is met with condescending(?) ‘you don’t understand how AI works,’ and an additional AI generated tome.

    Is this the new face of ‘journalism?’

  57. mkent, the discussion was intelligence.

    R2L asked me: “For myself, I have defined intelligence as “the ability to recognize patterns” and creativiey as “the ability to recognize new patterns”. Do those definitions still have any validity?”

    I replied: “R2L, I would define intelligence along the lines of being to hold and process multiple streams of data at the same time. That would certainly include pattern recognition. I was thinking about being able to recall information and pinpoint the important elements– the ability to eliminate the chaff.

    I think of intelligence as an innate characteristic as opposed to knowledge which is an accumulation. As we age, our intelligence dwindles– hopefully our intelligence has turned some of that knowledge into a little bit of wisdom. Otherwise we’re doomed in our twilight years.”

    R2L replied: “As we age, our intelligence dwindles …” Speak for yourself!! ?
    But, more seriously, as I try to assess my own decline in some forms of intellecutalization or cognition: do we lose core pattern recognizing ability; or the memory of previously recognized patterns and connections; or our interests shift; or with age we have so many more points of connection to integrate that something falls by the wayside; or ???? “

    I replied: “Well, here’s a sentence that is instructive to the topic. As I was reading it, I had to go back and individually consider each clause. If intelligence is the ability to hold complex ideas and synthesize them intuitively, I’ve lost something.

    I would say it’s connected to the first two, with the first being key, but probably all four. Or is it our brain speed slows, which we mistake for lost ability.”

    So, there is the conversation. I thought R2L might like Grok’s analysis to his possible explanations to the decline.

    You (mkent) said: “If I wanted to know what an AI is programmed to say about a particular topic, I’d ask it.”

    That isn’t how LLM’s work. The specific answer you get is shaped by the exact wording of the question, previous questions in the conversation, and the model’s internal representations of the relevant concepts. Different phrasings or follow-ups produce different outputs.

    But as I showed in the followed, I took just one of the points Grok had responded to with the sources that produced that part of the answer. There were similar sources for each part of the analysis.

    At any point you can ask it to focus in on any one of its source texts, or challenge the text with your own points or texts that contradict those texts.

    I thought R2L might enjoy reading an analysis of his points. This really is a distillation of scholarly texts/information.

    So how do you define intelligence? I suspect you’re too young to have noticed a decline. But someday you’ll probably be considering the same points.

  58. om, actually those were the sources Grok used for just one of the points in the original statement I had asked Grok to analyze: “as I try to assess my own decline in some forms of intellecutalization or cognition: do we lose core pattern recognizing ability; or the memory of previously recognized patterns and connections; or our interests shift; or with age we have so many more points of connection to integrate that something falls by the wayside”

  59. @ Brian E > “One of the most frustrating parts of blogs, is the very short term discussions. I need to take time to consider things. By the time I have something to say, days have passed and the thread is yesterdays news.”

    I resemble that remark. Sometimes I post my thoughts anyway, because I book mark them as an aide memoir of my considerations and researches, or personal anecdotes.

    @ Brian E > “I posed your thoughts to Grok and here’s what I got. There was a time I would never have considered doing something like this (had there been LLM’s).
    It actually sparks my memory. It’s less a crutch than a stimulator.”

    Thanks for posting the 15-paragraph screed. We are facing this situation with my older sister, and it’s good to know there are multiple dimensions to the problem, as that helps explain why she remembers events from long past, or even memorable activities from just last year, but not what we told her 5 minutes ago.

    I am deliberately avoiding getting involved with the LLMs, but appreciate those who do and share. Your explanation of how to interact was informative.

    And I do scroll past the comments that don’t interest me.

  60. Thanks AesopFan, but thank R2L. I just asked Grok to analyze his speculations about some of the root causes of cognitive decline.

    For all the potential problems with AI/LLM’s they also offer benefits. AI never gets tired of you asking the same question. You can have conversations and when you ask questions tell it to only use certain sources. I subscribe to the basic Grok service $10/mo., so all my queries are stored and I can continue a conversation at anytime. I do sometimes run up to my limit and I’m done for the day.

    Tesla has integrated Grok into their cars, so I can start a conversation in the car and continue it on my phone or PC. The car has several modes– from counselor to storyteller. My wife asked it to make up a story in the style of Zane Grey and it was entertaining. The limitation is it stops every 10 minutes or so and you have to prompt it to continue. That is not how Grok was designed to be used though. It’s more “tell me a 10 minute story about…” It does help pass the time on a long drive.

    I don’t know what will happen when we start using robots as companions– companions that can interact as if they were human. What will be the alienation. But that’s already here.

    Here’s what Grok surmises, based on data:

    Humanoid robots running advanced conversational AI will most likely amplify alienation for the average user by further displacing imperfect but reciprocal human interaction, while providing a partial, temporary buffer against loneliness for the most isolated.

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