Jewish holidays began at sundown and end at sundown, and Purim is no exception. This year it has special resonance:
It commemorates the (Divinely orchestrated) salvation of the Jewish people in the ancient Persian empire from Haman’s plot “to destroy, kill and annihilate all the Jews, young and old, infants and women, in a single day.” Literally “lots” in ancient Persian, Purim was thus named since Haman had thrown lots to determine when he would carry out his diabolical scheme, as recorded in the Megillah (book of Esther).
It’s quite a story, which you can read at the link. It contains this extremely interesting part [emphasis mine]:
Haman was hanged, Mordechai was appointed prime minister in his stead, and a new decree was issued, granting the Jews the right to defend themselves against their enemies.
On the 13th of Adar, the Jews mobilized and killed many of their enemies.
There was no International Court of Justice back then, but Jews are still fighting to defend themselves and fighting for their right to do so.
Did this really happen?:
The historical reality of this biblical episode has often been questioned, and the actual origins of the Purim festival, which was already long established by the 2nd century CE, remain unknown.
But whether it happened in Persia at that time and in quite that way, many groups in many times and places have tried to eliminate the Jews. This has happened for millennia, in both the European arena and the Middle East. For the Ashkenazi Jews of Europe, the evidence is both genetic and historical.
Persia is of course modern-day Iran, which remains the source of a great deal of Jew-hatred and supports Islamic terrorist groups in many countries dedicated to killing Jews. But Jews in Persia have a long history:
The history of the Jews in Iran dates back to late biblical times (mid-1st millennium BCE). The biblical books of Chronicles, Isaiah, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, contain references to the life and experiences of Jews in Persia. In the book of Ezra, the Persian kings are credited with permitting and enabling the Jews to return to Jerusalem and rebuild their Temple; its reconstruction was carried out “according to the decree of Cyrus, and Darius, and Artaxerxes king of Persia” (Ezra 6:14). …
Jews who migrated to ancient Persia mostly lived in their own communities. The Persian Jewish communities include the ancient (and until the mid-20th century still-extant) communities not only of Iran, but also the Armenian, Georgian, Iraqi, Bukharan, and the Mountain Jewish communities.
Jews had been leaving Iran for a while even before the ayatollahs took over in 1979, but the pace accelerated after that:
According to the first national census taken in 1956, Jewish population in Iran stood at 65,232, but there is no reliable data about migrations in the first half of the 20th century. David Littman puts the total figure of emigrants to Israel in 1948–1978 at 70,000. …
While many Jews in Iran lived peacefully after the establishment of the State of Israel, the Iranian Revolution “radically altered the status of the country’s Jewish community”. In 1979, Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khomeini met with the Jewish community upon his return from exile in Paris and issued a fatwa decreeing that the Jews were to be protected. Nevertheless, emigration continued. At the time of the 1979 Islamic Revolution, 60,000 Jews lived in Iran. However, about 30,000 Jews left within several months of the revolution.
When Shah Reza Pahlavi was overthrown and the new Islamic Regime under Ruhollah Khomeini was brought into power, the Jewish population in Iran began to look for routes out of the country. Although, Ayatollah Khomeini had proclaimed that the rights of Jews were to be protected, the new government would not issue Iranian Jews passports and barred them from leaving the country. The Jewish population began to fear for their lives because many Jewish leaders were killed in the revolution because of their support for Zionism and their disapproval of Jews being considered as second class citizens. Thousands of Iranian Jews began to look for ways in which they could smuggle themselves and their families out of the country. Most Iranian Jews had to leave their homes and possessions in order to leave Iran illegally as selling all of their possessions would alert to the authorities that they were trying to leave the country. Leaving the country was very dangerous as many of the roads out were being watched by the government and, if caught, one could face imprisonment or death.
According to the Jewish Telegraphic Agency, Jewish flight from Iran began in earnest after the May 1979 execution of Habib Elghanian, a philanthropist and leader in Iran’s Jewish community, on false charges of spying for America and Israel. The execution of Albert Danialpour case on 5 June 1980, further encouraged emigration. According to activist Frank Nikbakht, Jews sought to escape the country’s strict sharia laws, which were designed to humiliate and disadvantage the Jewish population.
It’s estimated that in Los Angeles there are now about 100,000 Jews of Iranian descent.
But back to Purim. It has the interesting characteristic of being a holiday on which it is obligatory to become drunk. There has been a great deal of verbiage trying to explain this. Here’s one effort.
Happy Purim!