I was thinking about conspiracy theories last night. In the garden of the forking paths that is internet research, that led me to read up on the Kennedy assassination.
It’s not as though I was previously unfamiliar with the facts. I was alive back then and remember it well, plus I’ve read many articles and books on the subject since. But I’m not one of those people who’s memorized all the details, and so when I revisit them I often find there are interesting surprises, things I had forgotten or never really paid attention to in the first place.
One is them is the story of Johnny Calvin Brewer, a 22-year-old shoe store manager who was instrumental in the capture of Lee Harvey Oswald.
Brewer had heard the news of the Kennedy shooting as well as that of Officer Tippit, the latter occurring in the neighborhood where Brewer worked. Shortly thereafter, Brewer noticed a man in the foyer of the shoe store. He appeared to have ducked in there to avoid some police cars passing by, which Brewer thought was suspicious behavior.
The alert Brewer followed the man to a nearby movie theater, where his quarry entered without paying and Brewer asked the management to call the police. Meanwhile Brewer and another man guarded the exits to make sure Oswald didn’t leave, and then pointed him out to the police, who apprehended him after a struggle (see Brewer’s Warren Commission testimony).
Brewer has faded into such obscurity that I had forgotten he existed. But he had his moment in history, partly because of an accident of proximity and partly because he was smart enough and assertive enough to have a good hunch and follow through on it. But for his actions, would Oswald ever have been caught? We’ll never know; but just imagine the extent of the conspiracy theories that would have been hatched if he hadn’t!
Another person who was accidentally made famous by the Kennedy assassination was Abraham Zapruder. All he did was watch the motorcade—and take his movie camera along to film it:
Not originally intending to bring his camera to the motorcade, at the insistence of his assistant he retrieved it from home before going to Dealey Plaza.
Zapruder’s was not the only film record of the assassination, but it was by far the best, partly because of his vantage point and timing, partly because he stood on a slightly elevated concrete pedestal to get a better view—and partly because, as he said in an early interview, despite the carnage and his own upset, “I kept on shooting.”
Zapruder sold the rights to the film to Life magazine for what was then the fairly princely sum of $150,000, but he retained some say in the matter of how it would be shown to the public of the time:
The night after the assassination, Zapruder is said to have had a nightmare in which he saw a booth in Times Square advertising “See the President’s head explode!” He determined that, while he was willing to make money from the film, he did not want the public to see the full horror of what he had seen. Therefore, a condition of the sale to Life was that frame 313, showing the fatal shot, would be withheld.
Zapruder also distinguished himself by giving $25,000 of his fee to Tippit’s widow. His wishes about the film were respected until after his 1970 death, when in 1975 ABC (and none other than Geraldo Rivera) showed the film—with frame 313 included—to a shocked American public for the first time.
Now, of course, it’s on YouTube. Our delicate sensibilities have become a lot less delicate over time. What’s more, when history happens now, there are a million cell phone cameras to record it from every possible angle.
But extraordinary events still make heroes out of seemingly ordinary people. Flight 93 is an excellent example. No doubt those heroes, and their families, would have given almost anything to have not been selected for that task. But their fate was otherwise.