The motivations behind the extraordinarily destructive act of Germanwings co-pilot Andreas Lubitz remain a mystery.
We know a little more about him, though—the most salient fact so far being that investigators found a torn-up “doctor’s note that called for him to go on medical leave on the day of the tragedy.” He was being treated for some sort of illness, but authorities either won’t say what it was or don’t know yet what it was. I believe it’s the former.
Speculation, however, is that it was depression. Lubitz is reported to have had a depressive episode six years ago during his pilot training that caused him to take some time off.
Of course, depressed people have a higher likelihood of suicide, particularly if the depression is severe. But they don’t usually take 149 other people with them. So even if it turns out the Lubitz suffered from depression, that really explains very little.
Was he taking anti-depressants? He might have been, if Germany is anything like the US, because since 2010 pilots in the US have been allowed to take one of four antidepressant medications, although only after 12 months of being grounded and undergoing monitoring and successful treatment. That does not seem to have been the case with Lubitz; if it had been the airline would have known.
The reason this might have been relevant is that some people, and some studies, have said that antidepressants cause a higher incidence of suicide and other violent behavior. I haven’t seen many studies that convince me that’s correct, and I’ve seen quite a few that seem to indicate otherwise (see this and this). Nor would anti-depressants negate any criminal liability. And at any rate, there’s no evidence that Lubitz was taking antidepressants.
I have generated some theories about Lubitz’s behavior, both of them extremely speculative. So take the following with more than a grain of salt.
One is what I’d call the Charles Whitman theory. Whitman was the man who climbed a tower at the University of Texas in 1966 and killed 13 people before being shot dead by police. Later it was discovered that he had brutally murdered his mother and wife earlier in the day. But he had also left a journal and notes that indicated he knew something was very very wrong with him, and he had no idea what it was:
I don’t really understand myself these days. I am supposed to be an average reasonable and intelligent young man. However, lately (I can’t recall when it started) I have been a victim of many unusual and irrational thoughts.
It was after much thought that I decided to kill my wife, Kathy, tonight ”¦ I love her dearly, and she has been as fine a wife to me as any man could ever hope to have. I cannot rationa[l]ly pinpoint any specific reason for doing this…
Earlier Whitman had gone to several doctors for treatment, complaining of terrible headaches and irrational, overwhelming impulses to do violence, impulses which he experienced as invasive and foreign to his nature. He even left a note asking authorities to do an autopsy after his death, and when they did, they:
…discovered that Whitman’s brain harbored a tumor the diameter of a nickel. This tumor, called a glioblastoma, had blossomed from beneath a structure called the thalamus, impinged on the hypothalamus, and compressed a third region called the amygdala. The amygdala is involved in emotional regulation, especially of fear and aggression. By the late 1800s, researchers had discovered that damage to the amygdala caused emotional and social disturbances.
There’s been much argument ever since about whether this could have been the cause of Whitman’s behavior. I doubt it was the entire reason, but it could certainly have contributed to an increase in the severity of his hostile impulses and a decrease in his ability to moderate them, although he still probably would have been held criminally responsible had he survived.
What does this have to do with Lubitz? Probably absolutely nothing. But it’s at least a possibility, however remote, that something similar was happening to him, causing a change that was both sudden and severe. We will almost certainly never know, because the evidence—his brain—was most likely obliterated in the crash.
My second idea involves the phenomenon known as copycat syndrome. Whatever caused Lubnitz to become violent, the form his violence took—deliberately flying a large and loaded airplane into a mountain—is extreme. Extreme, but not unheard of; there have been several incidents of pilot murder/suicide over the years. One year ago, the disappearance of Malaysia Flight 370 received an enormous amount of coverage, and was the focus of so much attention—including the very strong suspicion that it was pilot murder/suicide—that it’s possible Lubitz was attracted by the idea of the world knowing and speculating about him, too.
In fact, an ex-girlfriend alleges (in a German tabloid) that this is exactly the case, although she doesn’t tie it to the Malaysia flight:
When I heard about the crash, I remembered a sentence, over and over again, that he said,” the woman, a 26-year-old flight attendant the paper gave the fictional name of Maria W. to protect her identity, told Bild. “‘One day I’ll do something that will change the system, and then everyone will know my name and remember it’.”
Far-fetched? Yes. But the whole thing is so far beyond the ordinary, so difficult to imagine and assimilate, that these explanations are as good as any at this point.
[NOTE: It also seems bizarre that a man so young as Lubitz, and with so little flying experience, was allowed to co-pilot a plane of that magnitude. I don’t think that would be allowed in the US, but I haven’t been able to discover what the rules are about that.
Another strange thing is that the German doctor’s excuse note was given to Lubitz to give to his employer. Isn’t there some requirement that the employer be notified by the doctor? Otherwise, isn’t there an enormous risk that the patient will do exactly what Lubitz appears to have done here: rip them up? Would giving the employer the information be considered some sort of confidentiality violation? Shouldn’t that be waived when there is a clear danger to others, a sort of duty to warn?]