The Anchoress wants to know the answer to a burning question of great import:
Growing up, I was taught that when you are following the word T-H-E with a word that begins with a vowel, then the correct (and, to my ear) more pleasant pronunciation was “thee” – long e…I notice an increasing trend the other way, though…It grates on my ears…Am I too fussy? What do you say? When it precedes a word beginning in a vowel, do you go with “thee” or “thuh?”
Being somewhat of a grammar fussbudget myself (although you may have observed that as soon as a person makes such an assertion, it’s almost inevitably followed by the commission of some glaring grammatical error), I have to say that of course I go with “thee.”
I must admit that I’d not noted the creeping ascension of the “thuh” crowd before—although, now that The Anchoress has pointed it out, the trend hardly surprises me. There have been many changes of this nature taking over lately. I wrote at some length about one of them—the widespread confusion between “it’s” and “its”—here.
Now I know that language and its conventions are an ever-shifting work in progress; try reading Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales in the original if you don’t agree. But when the older versions just sound better to the ear (such as the “thee” of which The Anchoress speaks), or make a certain amount of sense (such as “it’s” as a contraction for “it is,” to distinguish it from the possessive “its” which resembles “his” and “hers”), it’s difficult to accept that the change is anything but for the worse. Not that the next generation cares what I think, or what I accept.
Speaking of change (and Canterbury Tales), did people feel the same about all of this around Chaucer’s day? I ask the question because any current transformation of the pronunciation of “the” is small potatoes (very small potatoes indeed) compared to such upheavals as the Great Vowel Shift that occurred after Chaucer’s time:
Chaucer’s generation of English-speakers was among the last to pronounce e at the end of words (so for Chaucer the word “care” was pronounced [kaËrÉ™], not as the [kÉ›(r)] found in modern English)…The pronunciation of Chaucer’s writing otherwise differs most prominently from Modern English in that his language had not undergone the Great Vowel Shift: pronouncing Chaucer’s vowels as they would be pronounced today in European languages like Italian, Spanish or German generally produces pronunciations more like Chaucer’s own than Modern English pronunciation would.
The Great Vowel Shift was [emphasis mine]:
…a massive sound change affecting the long vowels of English during the fifteenth to eighteenth centuries. Basically, the long vowels shifted upwards; that is, a vowel that used to be pronounced in one place in the mouth would be pronounced in a different place, higher up in the mouth…[It] did not happen overnight. At any given time, people of different ages and from different regions would have different pronunciations of the same word. Older, more conservative speakers would retain one pronunciation while younger, more advanced speakers were moving to a new one; some people would be able to pronounce the same word two or more different ways.
Hmmm—“older, more conservative speakers;” that rings a faint bell of recognition, although I hardly would call the “thuh” newcomers “more advanced speakers.” But perhaps they are, if “advanced” means “looking towards the future” (see definitions 3 and 4 here).
If some of you are still a bit puzzled as to the particulars of the Great Vowel Shift, perhaps this will help out with some examples (and there’s a lot more here, in case your appetite remains unslaked):
This means that the vowel in the English word “date” was in Middle English pronounced [aË] (similar to modern dart); the vowel in “feet” was [eË] (similar to modern fate); the vowel in “wipe” was [iË] (similar to modern weep); the vowel in “boot” was [oË] (similar to modern boat); and the vowel in “house” was [uË] (similar to modern whose).
Isn’t it fortunate that we don’t have to learn this stuff consciously, but instead imbibe it effortlessly when we are mere babes? Otherwise, it would probably be just too difficult.
But why, oh why, the Great Vowel Shift? And for that matter, why oh why the un-great “thee and thuh” shift? The latter may just be a trend towards standardization and simplicity rather than diversification: instead of two, we would now have one pronunciation for the word “the” that doesn’t vary.
But the cause of the former remains a mystery, although theorizing abounds, naturally. The gist of it is that the Great Shift occurred in a time of upheaval and migration after the Black Death, and seems to have also represented a trend towards standardization of vowel sounds.
One thing seems clear: the changes were not haphazard. Although there were exceptions and peculiarities, the pattern of change was in one direction only. The short vowels were unaffected, as were the basic consonants. It was the long vowel sounds that changed, from a Romance and/or Latinate language pattern to one in which the tongue’s position consistently came more forward and higher in the mouth. And no one really knows why.
[NOTE: It occurs to me that, although this post may seem like a digression from my usual themes, it’s really not. I guess the topic of change just happens to fascinate me.
And for those who so desire, here’s the T-shirt:

[ADDENDUM: And if you want to hear some even older poetry recited, go here.]