Using the word “kapo” as an insult
[NOTE: I noticed this word appearing again lately, so I think it’s time to repost this. I originally wrote it in December of 2015.]
I’ve noticed the word “kapo” cropping up now and then in the comments section of this blog, to refer to someone Jewish who is seen as an underhanded betrayer of the Jewish people or Israel. Here’s a typical example, which was posted around the time of the Iran deal and referred to the vote for it:
Kapo:
Did Jerry Nadler Betray America, Israel and His Community?
Yes.Kapos were an essential component in the running of the German National Socialist concentration camps.
But Jerry Nadler (and all the others I’ve ever seen described by the word, except of course for the actual, real-life historical kapos) had no gun pointed at his head when he decided about the Iran deal. Nor was he facing a death camp or concentration camp. And therein lies a tale—about the actual kapos, who they were and what they faced.
Let’s first establish that, although the word is often used to refer to Jews, and although some were certainly Jewish, most kapos were not [emphasis mine]:
A kapo or prisoner functionary was a prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp who was assigned by the SS guards to supervise forced labor or carry out administrative tasks in the camp…The system was designed to turn victim against victim, as the prisoner functionaries were pitted against their fellow prisoners in order to maintain the favor of their SS guards. If they were derelict, they would be returned to the status of ordinary prisoners and be subject to other kapos. Many prisoner functionaries were recruited from the ranks of violent criminal gangs rather than from the more numerous political, religious and racial prisoners; those were known for their brutality toward other prisoners.
The kapos were involuntary prisoners in a system that was known for its overwhelming brutality. By becoming kapos, they qualified for some moderate privileges that meant they might actually be able to survive their horrific captivity. Some kapos actually were relatively decent (mostly in secrecy) to the fellow-prisoners under their supervision. The camp administrators preferred kapos from the criminal population, because they were less hampered by conventional morality:
At Buchenwald, these tasks were originally assigned to criminal prisoners, but after 1939, political prisoners began to displace the criminal prisoners, though criminals were preferred by the SS. At Mauthausen, on the other hand, functionary positions remained dominated by criminal prisoners until just before liberation…
Identified by green triangles, the befristeten Vorbeugungshé¤ftling or “BV” [criminal] kapos, were called “professional criminals” by other prisoners and were known for their brutality and lack of scruples. Indeed, they were selected by the SS because of those qualities. According to former prisoners, the criminal functionaries were more apt to be helpful to the SS than political functionaries, who were more apt to be helpful to other prisoners.
More evidence that Jews were not preferred by the SS to be chosen as kapos:
The SS sometimes had racial criteria for the prisoner functionaries, sometimes one had to be racially “superior” to be a functionary.
And once a person was fingered to be a kapo, there was no turning back. Here’s Himmler on the subject:
The moment we become dissatisfied with him, he is no longer Kapo, he’s back to sleeping with his men. And he knows that he will be beaten to death by them the first night.
After the war, some particularly brutal kapos were tried and sentenced—German ones in Germany, Polish ones in Poland, and some Jewish ones in Israel. I have tried to get a good estimate of what percentage of kapos were Jews, since the word is usually used today in the context of accusing Jews of various offenses, and although I haven’t found an official estimate it’s clear that the Nazi preference was for them not to be Jews. This book of interviews with Jewish Sonderkommandos from Aushwitz contains one survivor’s estimate that 80% of the kapos were not Jewish, for example. Another memoir indicates that 10% of kapos were Jews. A historical novel QB VII by Leon Uris, presumably based on research, states that only a few out of every hundred were Jewish.
So it appears that the idea that kapos were predominantly Jewish is almost certainly false, and in fact Jews seem to have been significantly underrepresented among kapos in comparison to their numbers among regular camp prisoners. However, some kapos were indeed Jewish.
In addition, camp survivors usually say that the Jewish kapos tended to be better (see this) and German kapos were often (although not always) considered the worst (see this).
But the situation of the kapos in general, particularly those who had no previous criminal history, was so substantially different from that of virtually anyone in the US today, that I would say it is actually an abomination to compare the two, for the simple reason that kapos were concentration camp inmates under threat of torture and death. As kapos they received special privileges, and the most special one was life itself. In other words, their first motivation was to save their lives in a situation of evil so total and so horrific that in a very real way they were victims who were coerced into colluding with their oppressors.
Consider the case of Jacob Tannenbaum, a Jew and a former kapo who was alleged to have been violent and who was tried many years later in the US. This was his pre-kapo history:
…Tannenbaum [was] an observant Polish Jew who, before the war, had been active in Zionist activities. His wife, six-month-old daughter, parents and five siblings perished during the Holocaust.
Perhaps that would be enough to make a person go mad, even without more. But there was considerably more that Tannenbaum experienced before becoming a kapo:
After some time in a Polish camp in 1942, he was sent with other relatively healthy prisoners to the forced-labor camp in Galicia, where his Nazi captors blinded him in one eye and severely injured his back in a beating.
Finally, for eight months in 1944 and 1945, he served as a kapo in Gorlitz, supervising 1,000 prisoners who worked there in an armaments factory.
Tannenbaum was in camps for a total of three years. After the war he came to the US and became a citizen in 1955, a practicing Orthodox Jew who donated money to causes such as that of Weisenthal, the Nazi-tracker. Years later he was recognized and arrested, and the camp survivors testified that he had been especially brutal, beating them sometimes without even Germans being present, and in six cases causing the death of inmates (for example, by informing on them for infractions). But Tannenbaum said there had always been Germans present during the beatings and that he did what he did under threat of death. In the end there was a settlement, with Tannenbaum stripped of his citizenship but not deported for health reasons. He was 77 (or 79; I’ve read conflicting reports) at the time of the proceedings, suffered a stroke while testifying, and died a year later.
Some called Tannenbaum a tragic figure. In my opinion, he is surely that, but is he guilty? I would have to know more to make a decision, but I know that I have my doubts about his guilt in the moral sense. His case was exceptionally controversial, with many people thinking he should not have been charged, but I’m not bringing it up to decide his guilt or innocence. I’m bringing it up to point out the intensity of the pressures kapos were under, and the profundity of the moral decisions and dilemmas they faced.
I have already said that they did not volunteer for the camps, which is self-evident. What is less evident is that they did not volunteer for the job of kapo, either. They were selected [emphasis mine]:
…[T]he Tannenbaum case already has resurrected the history of the several hundred Jewish kapos, all selected by the Nazis to oversee and punish their own people, often with the hope of sparing themselves. Theirs was the conundrum within the catastrophe.
“I know that when the Tannenbaum case is heard, many of the allegations will be horrifying,” said Rabbi Marvin Hier, the dean of the Simon Wiesenthal Center in Los Angeles, which studies the Holocaust and human rights issues. “What needs to be said generally is that one must make a distinction between those who volunteered for the SS or the Gestapo and those who thought they would save their lives by cooperating. You can’t say Patty Hearst played the same role as her kidnappers. The same is true of any kapo.”
“It is important to retain a perspective,” said Henry Siegman, the executive director of the American Jewish Congress. “There is a critical difference between the Barbies of the world – the victimizers – and the Tannenbaums, as sad and tragic and despicable as they were. They were victims. They were people who succumbed to unbelievable stress.”
Tannenbaum alleged, among other things, that the beatings he administered were designed to save accused prisoners of worse at the hands of the Nazis themselves, who would just as soon have killed them instead. Who knows? Tannenbaum himself had been subject to psychological torment as well:
“He told us once that in one of the camps the Nazis played this ‘joke’ on him – a kind of psychological torture,” said Sonny Tannenbaum, a peace officer in the New York City court system. “They had him dig a grave and made him believe they were going to bury him alive in it. Then they all laughed and had him come out, and threw a dead German shepherd in the grave.”
Here’s the moral distinction the legal system was trying to make:
“Any inquiry like this, Jewish or German, comes down to whether someone took part in the persecution of innocent people willingly and voluntarily,” said Mr. Ryan, a former director of the Office of Special Investigations and now a lawyer for Harvard University. “It’s just that with the kapos you have to add the additional layer of what the SS was doing over their shoulders. Were the kapos beating the inmates only enough to keep the SS from beating them even more brutally? Or were they persecuting them as badly or even worse than the SS?”
How could one ever judge such a thing about a person who had been tortured as Tannenbaum had? There is little question in my mind that under anything remotely resembling ordinary circumstances he would not have done anything of the sort. Yes, he had choices, and he probably made some bad ones, but is he required to have been a hero and/or a saint, exhibiting a bravery and goodness that—to be honest—very few among us would be capable of under similar circumstances?
Someone using the word “kapo” to refer to anything less than that sort of pressure and that sort of horrific choice seems wrong to me, a trivialization of a profound human tragedy and a deep outrage.
“Many prisoner functionaries were recruited from the ranks of violent criminal gangs …”
In this they copied the Soviets as documented by Solzhenitsyn in “The Gulag Archipelago.” After all the criminal gangs were no threat to the power of the Party and were of use when violent actions were needed to keep political enemies down. Here Antifa and BLM are being groomed for a similar role.
Like Hobbes wrote in “Leviathan” a man’s life was short, hard and brutish. Stripped of all trappings of Judeo-Christian ethos that is man’s lot. Even today as demonstrated by Islamic-Fascists. They show man’s fallen state. From time immortal it is the same. For all cultures too without exception. White European Culture is not particularly more evil than Aztec, Cherokee, Ming, Mongol, Zulu or other non-European civilizations.
That is why Fascists hate Jews so much. Jews point to God as an external immutable truth of moral authority. Then by correlation Christianity. If there is eternal judgement then there are checks on man’s depraved behavior.
A survey recently came out that less than 50% of Americans now attend church. A sure road to perdition. Guess who are the most observant? African Americans.
https://nypost.com/2021/03/30/american-church-attendance-hits-historic-low-survey/
“The decline rates are similar but slightly steeper in Catholics than Protestants, but proportionately smaller among conservatives, Republicans, married adults, college graduates, Southerners and non-Hispanic black adults, all of whom maintain some of the highest rates of church membership.”
The book “KL” is a good resource for the evolution and management of concentration/extermination camps. As a lot of readers may know I lived in Poland and my factory was 15 miles from Auschwitz/Birkenau. After walking its grounds, I have no delusions of the perfectibility of man.
https://www.amazon.com/KL-History-Nazi-Concentration-Camps/dp/0374535922
“Here Antifa and BLM are being groomed for a similar role.”
Totally agree.
What is the first thing Fascists want to do when they take power? Take away your guns.
The second thing is to tie you to the land. That is why they love trains so much. They can tell you where you can go, when you can go and when you can go.
In the Soviet Union you had internal passports that would allow you to travel to areas outside of your district. No wonder why Fascists demand COVID passports.
The problem with resorting to extreme hyperbole in categorizing an individual you disagree with is that it simultaneously lessens the gravity of the original lable and goes too far as a decription. For example, resorting to calling someone a “Nazi” or “Hitler” lessens the impact of those terms, their historical seriousness and the true horror and evil that is righfully associated with them. And it’s almost always an unfair and/or unreasonable categorization (unless someone literally is a Neo Nazi I suppose).
But there’s this human tendency that we’re all guilty of at some point. When we find some issue or some person who we strongly disagree with, we’ll often go way over the top in describing the person or the issue in order to get other people’s attention about something we’re passionate about it. I’m sure I’ve done it myself from time to time (although I avoid seriously comparing other people to Hilter due to Godwin’s law). Comparing a contemporary person to the worst person or people who have ever lived may get people’s attention at first, but if you keep doing it, it loses it’s impact and can be historically insulting to victims.
On internal passports in the USSR.
They were also needed for you to get a job, to have a place to live. Internal exile meant transporting a political dissident to a faraway place and without their passport they couldn’t leave and could only work/live ‘under the table.’ The only exception to the usual was those living on or born to those on a collective farm where their passports wouldn’t allow them to work or live anywhere except on their collective. The only way out was death or the military.
BTW I’ve rethought Antifa/BLM. They are the criminals useful outside. There are already criminal gangs inside that will jump at the chance to have people they can assault with impunity, with official approval, inside a prison
As a complement to my point two of tie you to the land here is an article from lefty Colorado where the city is using the power of the state to force companies to create essentially mass transit. This cost will drive many companies out of Denver. The nitwits.
https://pagetwo.completecolorado.com/2021/05/17/polis-pushing-mandate-on-employers-to-regulate-workers-commutes-rulemaking-bypasses-legislature/
“This begs the question of whether the alternative transportation infrastructure needed to move 877,000 employees twice a day in a reasonable amount of time exists, or ever will exist.
For many people, waiting hours and hours for a rideshare to become available or walking that last mile (or three) from a crowded train station twice a day just isn’t going to work for them, not to mention those who need to do things other than going directly home after work, like shopping or picking up kids.
“We’re talking about families,” McConnell said. “It’s just going to create new barriers for folks getting to and from work each day, and family obligations come up when you least expect it. You can’t always rely on a “guaranteed” ride home. I think they need to take a step back and look more closely at the impacts.”
Spartacus, that Colorado transportation requirement is insane. So much for the rugged individualism of the West. It might lead to fairly large numbers of people driving to within a mile or so of work, parking, and walking in the rest of the way.
On Colorado/Denver.
It will lead to companies relocating where that transport requirement isn’t. Every area has natural and political/legal advantages that cause people and companies to be there. Corrupt/activist politicians feed off the excess advantage Smart ones leave enough to keep the attraction a net positive. Dumb politicians eat it all up and the area then declines, faster for smaller ones, slower for larger.
Sacrificing others to save oneself is not a valid excuse but it is all too human.
Colorado has been infected with a fatal disease. Those fleeing Blue States bring it with them. The same thing is happening in many red states.
Kapo did not have as its original meaning “a prisoner functionary in Nazi concentration camps given food and privileges for supervising other prisoners doing forced labor.” The Germans already had a word for that — Funktionshäftling. (Germans have a word for everything.)
Kapo was a borrowed and Teutonisized word from the Italian/Sicilian caporegime meaning head (capo) of the organization/business (regime.) The word is most familiar to us in its Mafia usage as Il Capo dei Capi or the Boss of Bosses, literally, the Head of Heads.
I often use Capo dei Capi when referring to NY Gov. Andrew Cuomo.
Jews are human beings; at least we are born human beings.
It is not a generalized opinion. Most leftist would differ both the swastika kind and the sickle and hammer kind.
And, of course, you have pisslims. And others.
But we are not better and we are not worse than other human beings at our beginnings.
We do carry the cultural damage of thousand of years of persecutions, though.
Some Jews, lured by the con-promise of the universal love within the ant-hill of collectivism, abandon humanity to become leftoxenomorphs.
IMMO those stop being Jews as they become leftoxenomorphs.
And they can get to be the most rabid Jew-haters and Israel-haters you can find.
Look at the maggot george soros. Do you need to know more?
Look at the Israeli left siding with pisslims against their own country.
Look at the 78% (?) of American “Jews” that voted for barry hussein soetoro, the most Jew-hater of all people that ever occupied the White House.
It happens.
Don’t try to judge what happens to victims of a phenomenon like the Holocaust.
Commiserate them. But I end it there.
Most people don’t know, and they lie if they pretend otherwise, how they would react in those circumstances.
We all like to think that we would honor civilization no matter the consequences.
Not all of us would shine.
Some would.
Some wouldn’t.
I’m sure that’s exactly what happened during the Holocaust.
Lots of folks go “I would prefer to die than (x)”
I’m sure many did but talking outside of it all is easy.
You never had to face “(x)” and probably never will.
When people are asked what they would to if they found themselves into some awful situation or another many launch themselves into an explanation of a fantasy they have and how it would go and how they would triumph.
Most people in those circumstances just die screaming.