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	Comments on: Open thread 12/28/2024	</title>
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	<link>https://thenewneo.com/2024/12/28/open-thread-12-28-2024/</link>
	<description>A blog about political change, among other things</description>
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		<title>
		By: AesopFan		</title>
		<link>https://thenewneo.com/2024/12/28/open-thread-12-28-2024/#comment-2779978</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[AesopFan]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:56:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://thenewneo.com/?p=139041#comment-2779978</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[@ huxley &#062; &quot;moths growing darker in environments with more soot.&quot;

To be pedantic about it, the moths didn&#039;t &lt;em&gt;grow&lt;/em&gt; darker, the already-darker moths survived and reproduced more in darker-colored environments, until they out-numbered the lighter-colored ones, which did NOT disappear from nature, but only from polluted cities, and are now making a resurgence as sooty deposits decrease.
https://www.snexplores.org/article/how-moth-went-dark-side

I don&#039;t think even ID proponents dispute the existence of natural selection and gene mutations; those are both self-evident (animal breeding over millennia) and well established (lab work).

What allows some mutations to lead to stable populations and reproduction has not AFAIK ever been explained; we just know that a few mutations do and the overwhelming majority don&#039;t. Fiddling with DNA usually leads to early death or failure to even be born.

As you said, it&#039;s the change in species and the complexity of mutations needed to do it in anything less than the life of the universe (which keeps getting longer IIRC) which is the sticking point.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>@ huxley &gt; &#8220;moths growing darker in environments with more soot.&#8221;</p>
<p>To be pedantic about it, the moths didn&#8217;t <em>grow</em> darker, the already-darker moths survived and reproduced more in darker-colored environments, until they out-numbered the lighter-colored ones, which did NOT disappear from nature, but only from polluted cities, and are now making a resurgence as sooty deposits decrease.<br />
<a href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/how-moth-went-dark-side" rel="nofollow ugc">https://www.snexplores.org/article/how-moth-went-dark-side</a></p>
<p>I don&#8217;t think even ID proponents dispute the existence of natural selection and gene mutations; those are both self-evident (animal breeding over millennia) and well established (lab work).</p>
<p>What allows some mutations to lead to stable populations and reproduction has not AFAIK ever been explained; we just know that a few mutations do and the overwhelming majority don&#8217;t. Fiddling with DNA usually leads to early death or failure to even be born.</p>
<p>As you said, it&#8217;s the change in species and the complexity of mutations needed to do it in anything less than the life of the universe (which keeps getting longer IIRC) which is the sticking point.</p>
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		<title>
		By: huxley		</title>
		<link>https://thenewneo.com/2024/12/28/open-thread-12-28-2024/#comment-2779885</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[huxley]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 30 Dec 2024 07:51:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://thenewneo.com/?p=139041#comment-2779885</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[It strikes me as unlikely that evolution could transform basic DNA to creatures as complex as we are in a few billion years. Couldn&#039;t we have at least a few trillion years?

However, cuing off multiverse theory and the anthropic principle, I might argue that we are in an universe which had a freakish number of freakish DNA accidents such that we came to exists.

Otherwise, we wouldn&#039;t be here to notice and discuss it.

QED.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It strikes me as unlikely that evolution could transform basic DNA to creatures as complex as we are in a few billion years. Couldn&#8217;t we have at least a few trillion years?</p>
<p>However, cuing off multiverse theory and the anthropic principle, I might argue that we are in an universe which had a freakish number of freakish DNA accidents such that we came to exists.</p>
<p>Otherwise, we wouldn&#8217;t be here to notice and discuss it.</p>
<p>QED.</p>
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		<title>
		By: huxley		</title>
		<link>https://thenewneo.com/2024/12/28/open-thread-12-28-2024/#comment-2779884</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[huxley]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 30 Dec 2024 07:37:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://thenewneo.com/?p=139041#comment-2779884</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Re: Darwinian Evolution (DE) vs Intelligent Design (ID)

It&#039;s clear minor evolution occurs -- moths growing darker in environments with more soot.

But does that explain the origin of life, the Cambrian explosion, or the evolution of tree shrews to human beings in sixty-odd  million years? 

I&#039;m unpersuaded. Michael Behe&#039;s book is a good start. 

Darwinian evolutionists were dead certain of their paradigm. Cue Lynn Margulis.
_________________________________________________

&lt;i&gt;[In 1967] Lynn Margulis transformed and fundamentally framed current understanding of the evolution of cells with nuclei by proposing it to have been the result of symbiotic mergers of bacteria.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynn_Margulis&lt;/i&gt;
_________________________________________________

What we&#039;re talking about here is the mitochondrion, the absolutely essential component of almost all eukaryote cells -- which includes you and me. 

Margulis faced stiff opposition from standard Darwinian Evolutionists but eventually she won the argument.

Which means, before Margulis, Darwinian Evolutionists had an unbridgeable gap in their evolution theory, but still assured us all they had it covered.

Well, maybe it&#039;s a happy ending. The God of the Gaps is once more refuted -- no thanks to the DEs of that day.

It still looks more complicated to me. Not that evolution is wrong, but incomplete.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Re: Darwinian Evolution (DE) vs Intelligent Design (ID)</p>
<p>It&#8217;s clear minor evolution occurs &#8212; moths growing darker in environments with more soot.</p>
<p>But does that explain the origin of life, the Cambrian explosion, or the evolution of tree shrews to human beings in sixty-odd  million years? </p>
<p>I&#8217;m unpersuaded. Michael Behe&#8217;s book is a good start. </p>
<p>Darwinian evolutionists were dead certain of their paradigm. Cue Lynn Margulis.<br />
_________________________________________________</p>
<p><i>[In 1967] Lynn Margulis transformed and fundamentally framed current understanding of the evolution of cells with nuclei by proposing it to have been the result of symbiotic mergers of bacteria.</p>
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynn_Margulis" rel="nofollow ugc">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynn_Margulis</a></i><br />
_________________________________________________</p>
<p>What we&#8217;re talking about here is the mitochondrion, the absolutely essential component of almost all eukaryote cells &#8212; which includes you and me. </p>
<p>Margulis faced stiff opposition from standard Darwinian Evolutionists but eventually she won the argument.</p>
<p>Which means, before Margulis, Darwinian Evolutionists had an unbridgeable gap in their evolution theory, but still assured us all they had it covered.</p>
<p>Well, maybe it&#8217;s a happy ending. The God of the Gaps is once more refuted &#8212; no thanks to the DEs of that day.</p>
<p>It still looks more complicated to me. Not that evolution is wrong, but incomplete.</p>
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		<title>
		By: Philip Sells		</title>
		<link>https://thenewneo.com/2024/12/28/open-thread-12-28-2024/#comment-2779846</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Philip Sells]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 30 Dec 2024 01:12:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://thenewneo.com/?p=139041#comment-2779846</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[I find that video about Reese&#039;s cups hard to watch - mentally quitting before the four-minute mark, as I find the unctuous advertising-copy quality of the voiceover pretty unbearable by that point. A pity, as I do like Reese&#039;s a lot, always have.

That initial factoid (or not) mentioned in the video about lining Reese&#039;s cups up to the moon and back clearly begs the question whether they are to be lined up as the visual suggested, edge to edge, or stacked along the z-axis. Would make a difference.

Should I take it as a regional dialect variant, or just as appalling ignorance, when I hear some people say the word &quot;Reese&#039;s&quot; as &quot;Ree-sees&quot;? Similar to the feeling I get when I drive by a certain billboard that says product or education program XYZ &quot;&lt;i&gt;let&#039;s&lt;/i&gt; you&quot; do ABC. And to think someone put that up in two-foot-tall letters in public.... argh, argh, argh.

Chases Eagles, thanks for the update on the scaup. If it&#039;s remaining local, do you think that&#039;s because it&#039;s injured, or could it have been sticking around locally before whatever happened that led to it being hit with that pellet? Do scaups migrate? Is this one interacting with the other ducks at all? It sounds like you have an interesting group of residents there.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I find that video about Reese&#8217;s cups hard to watch &#8211; mentally quitting before the four-minute mark, as I find the unctuous advertising-copy quality of the voiceover pretty unbearable by that point. A pity, as I do like Reese&#8217;s a lot, always have.</p>
<p>That initial factoid (or not) mentioned in the video about lining Reese&#8217;s cups up to the moon and back clearly begs the question whether they are to be lined up as the visual suggested, edge to edge, or stacked along the z-axis. Would make a difference.</p>
<p>Should I take it as a regional dialect variant, or just as appalling ignorance, when I hear some people say the word &#8220;Reese&#8217;s&#8221; as &#8220;Ree-sees&#8221;? Similar to the feeling I get when I drive by a certain billboard that says product or education program XYZ &#8220;<i>let&#8217;s</i> you&#8221; do ABC. And to think someone put that up in two-foot-tall letters in public&#8230;. argh, argh, argh.</p>
<p>Chases Eagles, thanks for the update on the scaup. If it&#8217;s remaining local, do you think that&#8217;s because it&#8217;s injured, or could it have been sticking around locally before whatever happened that led to it being hit with that pellet? Do scaups migrate? Is this one interacting with the other ducks at all? It sounds like you have an interesting group of residents there.</p>
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		<title>
		By: Chases Eagles		</title>
		<link>https://thenewneo.com/2024/12/28/open-thread-12-28-2024/#comment-2779823</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chases Eagles]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 29 Dec 2024 20:08:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://thenewneo.com/?p=139041#comment-2779823</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Duck news
I saw the wounded scaup yesterday so he is still alive. Visiting today is a large mixed group of pintails, scaups and new for us, blue wing teal. Plus the usual mallards, wigeons, common mergansers, red breasted mergansers, surf scoters, buffleheads and common golden eyes.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Duck news<br />
I saw the wounded scaup yesterday so he is still alive. Visiting today is a large mixed group of pintails, scaups and new for us, blue wing teal. Plus the usual mallards, wigeons, common mergansers, red breasted mergansers, surf scoters, buffleheads and common golden eyes.</p>
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		<title>
		By: physicsguy		</title>
		<link>https://thenewneo.com/2024/12/28/open-thread-12-28-2024/#comment-2779812</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[physicsguy]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 29 Dec 2024 18:31:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://thenewneo.com/?p=139041#comment-2779812</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Molly,

I don&#039;t think that&#039;s the case.  The biologists feel very threatened by fundamental Christianity and as a result think they need to defend DE at all costs.  My mention of one biologist who recognized the issues with DE shows they know what the cracks in theory are.  But they think that if they show any weakness at all then they will lose the war with ID.

One also has to remember that biology is a young science that also deals with incredibly complicated systems; at least compared to physics.  Also, physics has a history (once called Natural Philosophy) of not being totally divorced from philosophical/religious ideas.  Biology has no such history.  No one in biology, that I know of, unlike Einstein, has said they &quot;want to know God&#039;s thoughts&quot;.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Molly,</p>
<p>I don&#8217;t think that&#8217;s the case.  The biologists feel very threatened by fundamental Christianity and as a result think they need to defend DE at all costs.  My mention of one biologist who recognized the issues with DE shows they know what the cracks in theory are.  But they think that if they show any weakness at all then they will lose the war with ID.</p>
<p>One also has to remember that biology is a young science that also deals with incredibly complicated systems; at least compared to physics.  Also, physics has a history (once called Natural Philosophy) of not being totally divorced from philosophical/religious ideas.  Biology has no such history.  No one in biology, that I know of, unlike Einstein, has said they &#8220;want to know God&#8217;s thoughts&#8221;.</p>
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		<title>
		By: Molly Brown		</title>
		<link>https://thenewneo.com/2024/12/28/open-thread-12-28-2024/#comment-2779805</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Molly Brown]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 29 Dec 2024 17:42:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://thenewneo.com/?p=139041#comment-2779805</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Physicsguy,
The DE &#039;religion&#039; is becoming a real time illustration of Max Planck&#039;s observation that &#039;Science advances one funeral at a time&#039;.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Physicsguy,<br />
The DE &#8216;religion&#8217; is becoming a real time illustration of Max Planck&#8217;s observation that &#8216;Science advances one funeral at a time&#8217;.</p>
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		<title>
		By: physicsguy		</title>
		<link>https://thenewneo.com/2024/12/28/open-thread-12-28-2024/#comment-2779793</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[physicsguy]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 29 Dec 2024 15:27:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://thenewneo.com/?p=139041#comment-2779793</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[R2L,

My interest in DE began with discussions with biology colleagues before I retired.  Except for one notable person, all adhered religiously to the DE sacrament.  I put it in religious terms as their attitude struck me that way instead of what I assumed would be a more scientific attitude given that they are scientists.  Any questioning of DE, in their view, had to come from kooky, antiscience Christians.  So, they circle the wagons and allow nothing in.   

I had no problem with their questions about QM as us physicists also have many of the same questions.  However, my questions as scientist, but not a biologist, about DE was met with hostility.  It&#039;s sad.  Such an attitude can only hurt biology.  Even if the basic picture of DE is correct, blindly not even considering some of the &quot;holes&quot; in the theory holds back progress in the field.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>R2L,</p>
<p>My interest in DE began with discussions with biology colleagues before I retired.  Except for one notable person, all adhered religiously to the DE sacrament.  I put it in religious terms as their attitude struck me that way instead of what I assumed would be a more scientific attitude given that they are scientists.  Any questioning of DE, in their view, had to come from kooky, antiscience Christians.  So, they circle the wagons and allow nothing in.   </p>
<p>I had no problem with their questions about QM as us physicists also have many of the same questions.  However, my questions as scientist, but not a biologist, about DE was met with hostility.  It&#8217;s sad.  Such an attitude can only hurt biology.  Even if the basic picture of DE is correct, blindly not even considering some of the &#8220;holes&#8221; in the theory holds back progress in the field.</p>
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		<title>
		By: Molly Brown		</title>
		<link>https://thenewneo.com/2024/12/28/open-thread-12-28-2024/#comment-2779755</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Molly Brown]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 29 Dec 2024 07:24:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://thenewneo.com/?p=139041#comment-2779755</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Snow on Pine,
As regards a &#039;revitalization of Christianity, maybe all that is needed is an acknowledgement of what inspired the &#039;Enlightenment&#039; and &#039;Scientific Point of View&#039; to begin with.
All of the arguments above are made within a framework of empirical inquiry as a basis for determining objective truth.
Why does the West love and pursue truth?
Because we were told to.
&#039;And ye shall know the truth, and the truth will make you free.&#039; John 8:32]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Snow on Pine,<br />
As regards a &#8216;revitalization of Christianity, maybe all that is needed is an acknowledgement of what inspired the &#8216;Enlightenment&#8217; and &#8216;Scientific Point of View&#8217; to begin with.<br />
All of the arguments above are made within a framework of empirical inquiry as a basis for determining objective truth.<br />
Why does the West love and pursue truth?<br />
Because we were told to.<br />
&#8216;And ye shall know the truth, and the truth will make you free.&#8217; John 8:32</p>
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		<title>
		By: R2L		</title>
		<link>https://thenewneo.com/2024/12/28/open-thread-12-28-2024/#comment-2779742</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[R2L]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 29 Dec 2024 04:40:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://thenewneo.com/?p=139041#comment-2779742</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Too much is buried in the background of some of the above assertions to fully refute them in a brief comment, but let&#039;s try a truncated attempt:
1) On Behe, Meyers, and Gelerntner, et al., and their views on DE and ID, please see Jerry Coyne:   https://whyevolutionistrue.wordpress.com/2019/05/17/computer-scientist-david-gelertner-drinks-the-academic-kool-aid-buys-into-intelligent-design/    and/or   https://quillette.com/2019/09/09/david-gelernter-is-wrong-about-ditching-darwin/  
2)  on the supposed lack of precursor evidence of evolution prior to the Cambrian Explosion, they have now found fossilized imprints of soft body animals living before said &quot;explosion&quot;, so no real gaps in the overall evolution of species story. 
3)  on the 30 or so physical parameters needing to be aligned &quot;just so&quot; for life to exist in our universe, that is a tougher argument to refute but I think:
     3a)  it is basically a case of correlation being used to describe causation: this universe and we exist, but I don&#039;t know of any argument that links those two facts in a cause-effect relationship [but see #6 below].
     3b)  if God is omnipotent etc., then He can make a universe with 30 or 3 or 8 or 77 such parameters, and who is to say He did not do so with at least several dozen different universes, each developing &quot;life&quot; of some form, perhaps even life that evolved to our level of brain complexity and resultant levels of modest intelligence (or beyond?). [I gather SOP alludes to such personages as possibly being cross dimensional or cross universe visitors to our realm?]
4)  God could well exist and still every religion devised and promoted by man becomes nothing more than extended stories, successful cultural patterns, dreams, hullucinations, etc. God making man in His image is more likely the reverse.  I have remarked previously about a desire for transcendence possibly being an evolved psychological element in our brains, with different people having such desires across a spectrum from high to lower.  Justin Barrett says we are &quot;born believers&quot; although Pascal Boyer wiffs on trying to explain why some people are (or remain) believers and others not [plus why people move into and out of one camp or the other over their lives*.] 
5)  on the limitation of DE as applied to existing species, with the &quot;difficulties&quot; of moving from one specie&#039;s phenotype to another&#039;s, see:  Neil Shubin, Your Inner Fish: A Journey Into the 3.5 Billion-Year History of the Human Body [2008]. He describes how a fish jaw bone has been studied to show it &quot;evolved&quot; into one of our three bones of our inner ear.
6)  on DE as not applicable to the formation of life, rather than &quot;merely&quot; the evolution of life once it had formed, a place to start would be Nick Lane, Transformer: The Deep Chemistry of Life and Death [2022], with perhaps also a sorjourn into Philip Ball&#039;s How Life Works: A User&#039;s Guide to the New Biology. There are also several You Tube discussions (see Arvin Ash?) about how life could have formed &quot;automatically&quot; from inorganic to organic to biomolecular chemistry [abiogenesis or autobiogenesis]. There are still gaps in those proposals, going from the ideas for the earliest biomolecular precursors finally finding the right physical and chemical environment(s) to form replicating (not reproducing) molecules. Somehow perhaps they eventually evolve into RNA. Once RNA is formed, RNA can be self catalyzing and self replicating. From RNA to DNA is still not fully understood, but is logically quite possible. Once a protocell is formed within membranes as vesicles, have an energy creating/consuming mechanism, and replicate, they are &quot;life&quot;. 
7)  Finally, even if you believe in ID, isn&#039;t evolution by natural selection just the most marvelous and beautiful &quot;design approach&quot; the &quot;designer&quot; might use to allow for whatever finally became &quot;life&quot; to continue to survive as its environments changed? And it applies for survival of useful biomolecules as for full up &quot;cells&quot;, tissues, bodies, and whole organisms - see Ball&#039;s book.  

*The historian Tom Holland ended his book Dominion with claims of not being a believer even though he fully acknowledged the role of Christianity on making our Western culture and eventual social and political environment. I recently saw something that suggested that perhaps after many interviews and public presentations, he has now become a believer - but I am not quite sure on that.

Enough for a Saturday night.  :-)  And peace to all who follow the Golden Rule.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Too much is buried in the background of some of the above assertions to fully refute them in a brief comment, but let&#8217;s try a truncated attempt:<br />
1) On Behe, Meyers, and Gelerntner, et al., and their views on DE and ID, please see Jerry Coyne:   <a href="https://whyevolutionistrue.wordpress.com/2019/05/17/computer-scientist-david-gelertner-drinks-the-academic-kool-aid-buys-into-intelligent-design/" rel="nofollow ugc">https://whyevolutionistrue.wordpress.com/2019/05/17/computer-scientist-david-gelertner-drinks-the-academic-kool-aid-buys-into-intelligent-design/</a>    and/or   <a href="https://quillette.com/2019/09/09/david-gelernter-is-wrong-about-ditching-darwin/" rel="nofollow ugc">https://quillette.com/2019/09/09/david-gelernter-is-wrong-about-ditching-darwin/</a><br />
2)  on the supposed lack of precursor evidence of evolution prior to the Cambrian Explosion, they have now found fossilized imprints of soft body animals living before said &#8220;explosion&#8221;, so no real gaps in the overall evolution of species story.<br />
3)  on the 30 or so physical parameters needing to be aligned &#8220;just so&#8221; for life to exist in our universe, that is a tougher argument to refute but I think:<br />
     3a)  it is basically a case of correlation being used to describe causation: this universe and we exist, but I don&#8217;t know of any argument that links those two facts in a cause-effect relationship [but see #6 below].<br />
     3b)  if God is omnipotent etc., then He can make a universe with 30 or 3 or 8 or 77 such parameters, and who is to say He did not do so with at least several dozen different universes, each developing &#8220;life&#8221; of some form, perhaps even life that evolved to our level of brain complexity and resultant levels of modest intelligence (or beyond?). [I gather SOP alludes to such personages as possibly being cross dimensional or cross universe visitors to our realm?]<br />
4)  God could well exist and still every religion devised and promoted by man becomes nothing more than extended stories, successful cultural patterns, dreams, hullucinations, etc. God making man in His image is more likely the reverse.  I have remarked previously about a desire for transcendence possibly being an evolved psychological element in our brains, with different people having such desires across a spectrum from high to lower.  Justin Barrett says we are &#8220;born believers&#8221; although Pascal Boyer wiffs on trying to explain why some people are (or remain) believers and others not [plus why people move into and out of one camp or the other over their lives*.]<br />
5)  on the limitation of DE as applied to existing species, with the &#8220;difficulties&#8221; of moving from one specie&#8217;s phenotype to another&#8217;s, see:  Neil Shubin, Your Inner Fish: A Journey Into the 3.5 Billion-Year History of the Human Body [2008]. He describes how a fish jaw bone has been studied to show it &#8220;evolved&#8221; into one of our three bones of our inner ear.<br />
6)  on DE as not applicable to the formation of life, rather than &#8220;merely&#8221; the evolution of life once it had formed, a place to start would be Nick Lane, Transformer: The Deep Chemistry of Life and Death [2022], with perhaps also a sorjourn into Philip Ball&#8217;s How Life Works: A User&#8217;s Guide to the New Biology. There are also several You Tube discussions (see Arvin Ash?) about how life could have formed &#8220;automatically&#8221; from inorganic to organic to biomolecular chemistry [abiogenesis or autobiogenesis]. There are still gaps in those proposals, going from the ideas for the earliest biomolecular precursors finally finding the right physical and chemical environment(s) to form replicating (not reproducing) molecules. Somehow perhaps they eventually evolve into RNA. Once RNA is formed, RNA can be self catalyzing and self replicating. From RNA to DNA is still not fully understood, but is logically quite possible. Once a protocell is formed within membranes as vesicles, have an energy creating/consuming mechanism, and replicate, they are &#8220;life&#8221;.<br />
7)  Finally, even if you believe in ID, isn&#8217;t evolution by natural selection just the most marvelous and beautiful &#8220;design approach&#8221; the &#8220;designer&#8221; might use to allow for whatever finally became &#8220;life&#8221; to continue to survive as its environments changed? And it applies for survival of useful biomolecules as for full up &#8220;cells&#8221;, tissues, bodies, and whole organisms &#8211; see Ball&#8217;s book.  </p>
<p>*The historian Tom Holland ended his book Dominion with claims of not being a believer even though he fully acknowledged the role of Christianity on making our Western culture and eventual social and political environment. I recently saw something that suggested that perhaps after many interviews and public presentations, he has now become a believer &#8211; but I am not quite sure on that.</p>
<p>Enough for a Saturday night.  🙂  And peace to all who follow the Golden Rule.</p>
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