Likely every top turret and nose gunner in the element claimed them.
There should be no implication of dishonesty on the part of the shooters. High command….

“During WWII the USAAF claimed astounding numbers of downed Luftwaffe defense aircraft… per bomber gunner accounts.” Yes and ground attack air craft claimed far more tanks destroyed in France (Falise Gap) than later analysis substantiated. Fog of War. And in fact until the P-51 arrived to escort the daylight bombers the Luftwaffe was not beaten. Gunner’s claims to the contrary. Fortunately for the Allies escort fighters saved the bombrs and allowed them to take it to the final effect, i.e,, no fuel for tanks, planes……

All four nations had been inside the Russian Empire.

your wrong on this one Blert… My family is from the baltic states…

1914 1 August World War I: The war began.

1918 18 November An independent Latvia was proclaimed.

1920 11 August The Latvian—Soviet Peace Treaty was signed.

1921 22 September Latvia became a member of the League of Nations.

1922 February A Latvian constitution was adopted.

1934 15 May Prime Minister Kārlis Ulmanis took power in a bloodless coup d’état.

1939 23 August The Molotov—Ribbentrop Pact was signed between the Soviet Union (USSR) and Nazi Germany.

And after 8 peace treaties
1940 16 June An ultimatum was presented by the USSR to Latvia.

17 June Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940: Soviet troops occupied the country.

5 August Latvia was incorporated into the Soviet Union, becoming the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR).

Latvia was NOT part of russia until WWII…

HOWEVER, latvians from the red rifle corps were the troops that kept out Germany and other nations from russia and handed it over to Lennin. they were heroes and to be celebrated forever. when stalin came, forever was over, and he executed them

stalin did what they are doing to the US and other places slowly with islam and immigrants

1941 13 June The first mass deportations of Latvians to various sites in the Soviet Union began.

after shipping out nearly a third of the population in cattle cars to the taiga (i recommended Dear God i wanted to live – as an alternative to Anne Franke, but neo never bothered to read it despite lots of anne frank stuff)

within a month of the first mass deportations, the germans moved in and chased the soviets out.

then they took up german arms as within four years the communists were comming back

1944 October Occupation of Latvia by Soviet Union 1944-1945: The Soviet army reentered Riga.

the soldiers were divided and killed outright as traitors to stalin, the US recognized latvian waffen SS as not being part of the nazi machine, they were given special dispensation, and became the guards at the neuremburg trials… taking up their old jobs as guardians… they guarded the caliphate in turkey too (for hire)

notice the dates on the rest, as it was also part of the work of the singing war from estonia… and BATUN, which ultimately helped them regain freedom

1981 The modern Vanšu Bridge was opened across the Daugava River in Riga.
1987 14 June The first demonstration in Riga to commemorate the 1941 deportations took place.
1988 23 August Mass demonstrations took place against the Molotov—Ribbentrop Pact.

1990 4 May The Latvian SSR Supreme Council adopted the declaration On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia.

1991 January The Barricades: Pro-Communist political forces attempted to restore Soviet power in Latvia.

6 September The Soviet Union recognized Latvian independence.

17 September Latvia became a member of the United Nations.

Seeking to expose the sheikh as a fraud who had led his gullible followers into terrorism, against the tenets of their faith, McCarthy discovered that “Abdel Rahman was not lying about Islam.”

“When he said the scriptures command that Muslims strike terror into the hearts of Islam’s enemies, the scriptures backed him up. When he said Allah enjoined all Muslims to wage jihad until Islamic law was established throughout the world, the scriptures backed him up.”

“[T]he Blind Sheikh’s summons to Islam was rooted in a coherent interpretation of Islamic doctrine. He was not perverting Islam,” writes McCarthy in the Hillsdale College letter Imprimis. McCarthy goes on:

“Islam is not a religion of peace. … Verses such as ‘Fight those who believe not in Allah,’ and ‘Fight and slay the pagans wherever ye find them, and seize them, beleaguer them, and lie in wait for them in every stratagem of war’ are not peaceful injunctions….”

In its formative first century, Islam conquered the Middle and Near East, North Africa and Spain with sword and slaughter, not persuasion and conversion.

As to Nappy, the Spanish fought a guerilla war against him, so naturally the civilian population was affected, but (again I’m going by recollection), other civilian populations didn’t seem all that affected — see Wellington’s famous ball on the eve of Waterloo.

But as to Sherman’s March, you seem to be agreeing with me that it was an “economic attack at the strategic level.” Please clarify.

That’s MORE Royal Navy self flattery.

During WWII the USAAF claimed astounding numbers of downed Luftwaffe defense aircraft… per bomber gunner accounts.

After the war these figures were deflated to 8% of war time estimates.

The Patriot missile system was regarded — circa 1991 — as a brilliantly effective counter missile to the scuds.

Much later, those results were deflated to ZERO.

German food deprivation was massively alleviated by conquering Ukraine and eastern Poland — ceded by the new Soviet government.

The British propaganda arm never brings that up.

Victory in the east meant that the Royal Navy’s blockage was for nought.

The Soviets had — and would sell — the Kaiser anything he needed… for Lenin was even broker than the Kaiser.

Those are the plain facts.

Most Western accounts of WWI magically skip over the Soviet peace treaty — and the food provisions owed to Imperial Germany.

Lenin GAVE UP Ukraine.

Hence the need to fight anew after the Kaiser was defeated by the West.

Lenin also gave up Finland, and the three Baltic states.

All four nations had been inside the Russian Empire.

Stalin was directly involved with reversing this flow of history… starting with re-conquering Ukraine and hunks of Poland. He was the political commissar attached to the Soviet army involved. This was his first opportunity to prove that his judgement was always flawed, always wrong.

He was paranoid WRT Ukraine to the end of his days.

1) The populations in the Napoleonic era suffered massive deprivations due to the fact that Napoleon supported his armies — wherever they went — at the expense of the local population.

In Spain, Napoleon is credited with murdering 1,000,000 Spaniards — virtually all of them civilians.

Similar ‘successes’ occurred from Italy, Germany, Austria, Poland and Russia. What a guy.

&&&&&

The German civilians of WWI suffered staggering losses by way of Spanish flu. These sufferings triggered the end of WWI — most directly.

They also figure HUGE in the Russian revolution. Spanish flu was running WILD throughout the German and Russian Imperial battle fleets… while the crews were in their shore side barracks.

All of the above ugly realities were CENSORED by the combatants — to include France, USA, and Britain — hence its name Spanish flu.

The only nation willing to spill the beans was SPAIN. Yet Spain was virtually last on the list of afflicted nations.

The above realities explains why EVERY single video history of WWI is a screwed up — a lie.

Spanish flu went on to kill, and kill, and kill. It’s the underlying dynamic in the Polish-Soviet war and the Russian civil war.

It’s alluded to in Doctor Zhivago… the sick and dying of that film are overwhelmingly victims of Spanish flu… which killed off most doctors I ought to add.

&&&&&&&

Sherman cut the Confederacy in two BY taking Atlanta.

The actual march to the sea had nothing to do with that.

Counter-intuitive, I know, but you must understand that Sherman’s army was little more than a corps. No way was he able to station a blocking force from the city to the sea.

Instead, he marched — Napoleon style — with a body of men — tearing up and ruining the rail net — racing the clock to get to supplies only available if he reached the Atlantic coast.

You must trust me on this: Sherman was hyper stressed that his boys would not be able to take the last Confederate fort sitting astride his route to the port.

All prior battles ( see “Glory” ) had been fiascos of blood… and Union defeats.

However, Sherman lucked out. The fort was so oriented towards the sea and the harbor that it had virtually no defenses against a landward attack. Sherman’s troops took it with the first sally.

Behind them, Sherman’s army left no Union military formations.

One could still walk straight across Georgia from Alabama.

You just couldn’t use the rail road system.

Sherman never even attempted to permanently occupy Atlanta.

His entire strategy was economic attack at the strategic level. It worked wonders.

Propaganda for the Royal Navy aside.

Other scholarship regarding the British blockade of Imperial Germany https://mises.org/library/blockade-and-attempted-starvation-germany.

It seems that effects on the population of Germany were present before the Spanish Flu pandemic.

History has it’s uses. Thanks for the info.